DEFINITION Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome is a relatively rare genetic disorder first described by Reynolds et al. in 1986 based on the observation of eight unrelated patients with very similar facial appearance characterized by unusually sparse, brittle, curly hair, large head (macrocephaly), a prominent forehead, and abnormal narrowing of the sides of the forehead (bitemporal constrictio...

BACKGROUND The origin, control mechanisms, and functional significance of oscillations in microvascular flow are incompletely understood. Although the traditional belief has been that only low-frequency oscillations (0.04-0.10 Hz) can originate at the microvascular level, recent evidence in healthy volunteers has suggested that high-frequency oscillations (> 0.10 Hz) also may have a microvascul...

A three-year-old male patient was brought to our clinic by his family with the complaint of a non-healing wound with discharge on his forehead and the nasal region. He had a history of a fall one-year ago. The patient had recurrent complaints of swelling and hyperemia following this trauma. He had undergone an operation with the pre-diagnosis of foreign body in soft tissue six months ago. Howev...

BACKGROUND The forehead is a common site for injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) to treat hyperactive facial muscles. Unexpected side effects of BoNT-A injection may occur because the anatomy of the forehead musculature is not fully characterized. OBJECTIVES The authors described the lateral border of the frontalis in terms of facial landmarks and reference lines to determine th...

Sympathetically mediated renal vasoconstriction may contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in older adults, but empirical data in support of this concept are lacking. In 10 young (26 ± 1 yr) and 11 older (67 ± 2 yr) subjects, we quantified acute hemodynamic responses to three sympathoexcitatory stimuli: local cooling of the forehead, cold pressor test (CPT), and voluntary apnea. We hypo...

BACKGROUND Optimal aesthetic outcomes from rhinoplasty are heavily influenced by structures adjacent to the nose. Although the importance of the chin has been emphasized since the inception of rhinoplasty, little attention has been given to the forehead. The forehead/glabella/radix complex represents a vital triad in rhinoplasty, from which the nasofrontal angle is derived. In the present study...

A 68 old man presented with an enlarging lesion of the forehead. Clinical diagnosis basal cell carcinoma was made, and surgical removal scheduled.

Nose is one of the most important aesthetic unit of the face.Management of nasal trauma plays a significant role in the practices of the majority of facial and reconstructive surgeons. Replantation, although technically very challenging, is undoubtedly the procedure of choice following traumatic nasal amputation. Here we present an illustrative case report of the traumatic amputation of a nasal...

Nasal arterio-venous malformations (AVM) are uncommon lesions. We present a rare case of huge, long standing AVM in the nasal area which was treated by angioembolization, followed by surgical excision and forehead flap reconstruction.

BACKGROUND Facial lines and wrinkles are strongly influenced by individual differences in anatomy and muscle activity and no single injection protocol will suit all patients. However, there is only limited information in the published literature on how to develop a tailored approach to botulinum toxin treatment. METHODS An expert panel of physicians was convened to establish a consensus on de...