Coastal ecosystems play significant ecological and economic roles but are threatened and facing decline. Microbes drive various biogeochemical processes in coastal ecosystems. Tidal flats are critical components of coastal ecosystems; however, the structure and function of microbial communities in tidal flats are poorly understood. Here we investigated the seasonal variations of bacterial commu...

The present study describes the nematode assemblage of the bay of Tamandaré (Brazil), a tropical sandy beach, during the low, flood, high and ebb tides of two consecutive tidal cycles in four different months of the year (May, July, September and November). The nematode assemblage was dominated by Metachromadora and Perepsilonema and varied significantly between months and tides. Densities were...

To assess the range of functional responses of the ventilatory apparatus of developing rats and the degree to which ventilatory function is developed in advance of other functional characteristics, rat pups at five ages (between 4 and 20 days old) were exposed to temperatures of 28, 32 and 36 degrees C while in a flow through metabolic chamber modified to serve as a whole body plethysmograph. V...

Regional expiratory flow limitation (EFL) may occur during tidal breathing without being detected by measurements of flow at the mouth. We tested this hypothesis by using Technegas to reveal sites of EFL. A first study (study 1) was undertaken to determine whether deposition of Technegas during tidal breathing reveals the occurrence of regional EFL in induced bronchoconstriction. Time-activity ...

Ischemia-reperfusion not only damages the affected organ but also leads to remote organ injuries. Hepatic inflow interruption usually occurs during hepatic surgery. To investigate the influence of liver ischemia-reperfusion on lung injury and to determine the contribution of tidal volume settings on liver ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury, we studied anesthetized and mechanically ventila...

Surveys of the Mersey estuary in north-west England were undertaken near the mouth of the estuary in the region known as the Mersey Narrows. Tidal fluxes of suspended and dissolved matter, particularly heavy metals, through the Mersey Narrows were investigated. This paper gives results of conducting four intensive cross-sectional surveys of the Narrows, during which currents, salinities, turbid...

BACKGROUND Hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation (OLV) remains a major concern. The present study compared the effect of alveolar recruitment strategy (ARS) on arterial oxygenation during OLV at varying tidal volumes (Vt) with or without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). METHODS In total, 120 patients undergoing wedge resection by video assisted thoracostomy were randomized into four g...

Delayed extubation occurs after isoflurane anesthesia, especially following prolonged surgical duration. We aimed to determine the arterial blood concentrations of isoflurane and the correlation with end-tidal concentrations for predicting emergence from general anesthesia.Thirty-four American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I-II gynecologic patients were included. General an...

Estuary Ecosystem, the second largest estuary in North America and home to hundreds of species of ecological, commercial, and recreational value. Unlike other estuaries in the Mid-Atlantic, the Delaware estuary’s tide range is greater than the ocean tide range, generally about 2 meters. Beaches account for 52 percent of the bay’s shore, with marsh and eroding peat accounting for most of the rem...

We study the comparative statics of the incumbency advantage in a model of electoral selection and strategic challenger entry. The incumbency advantage arises in the model because, on average, incumbents have greater ability than challengers. This is true for two reasons: high-ability candidates are more likely to win election (electoral selection) and high-quality incumbents deter challengers ...