Foreign policy analysis (FPA) has long studied leaders and individual decision makers. In contrast, international relations (IR) favored the system level of analysis, treating state as an abstract unitary actor. However, IR begun to rediscover making this opportune time consider contributions both FPA study This article reviews how makers, highlighting prominent approaches in each field, compar...

In recent years, production of text documents has seen an exponential growth, which is the reason why their proper classification seems necessary for better access. One of the main problems of classifying text documents is working in high-dimensional feature space. Feature Selection (FS) is one of the ways to reduce the number of text attributes. So, working with a great bulk of the feature spa...

Abstract The study of armed non-state actors (ANSAs) has grown exponentially in the last two decades. This article explores foreign policy ANSAs as a new empirical domain for analysis (FPA) by drawing on various examples from Middle East to show merit this area novel and theoretical studies. identifies ANSAs’ showing how FPA research so far remained state-centric almost completely ignores ANSAs...

Cost effective, new antenna technology is required to build the large collecting area being planned for the next generation of radio telescopes. The Large Adaptive Reflector (LAR) is a novel concept being developed in Canada to meet this challenge. A prototype with a 200-350m diameter reflector, operating up to 2 GHz with a bandwidth of 750 MHz is planned. With a collecting area up to ∼ 10% of ...

The world’s attention has turned towards renewable energy due to escalating demands, declining fossil fuel reservoirs, greenhouse gas emissions, and the unreliability of conventional systems. sun is only source that available every day for a specific period time. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology known its direct conversion sunlight into electricity using photoelectric effect. However, non-lin...

The objective of this study was to determine protein quality and hematological properties of infant diets formulated from local food materials. The food materials were obtained locally, fermented, and milled into flour. The flours were mixed as 70% popcorn and 30% African locust bean (FPA), 70% popcorn and 30% bambara groundnut (FPB), and 70% popcorn, 20% bambara groundnut, and 10% African locu...

During the acute phase of myocardial infarction, the generation of thrombin is reflected in the sudden rise of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and the thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complex in blood. We have systematically determined the FPA and TAT plasma concentrations over a period of 14 days after acute myocardial infarction in 100 patients. Mean levels of both thrombin markers were the highest on ...

I use laboratory experiments to examine the relative performance of the English auction (EA) and the first price sealed bid auction (FPA) when procuring a commodity. The mean and variance of prices are lower in the FPA than in the EA. Bids and prices in EA agree with game theoretic predictions while they don’t in the FPA. To resolve these deviations found in the FPA, I consider a mixture model ...

Many students in science and engineering do not realize how program correctness may be impacted when floating-point finite-precision arithmetic is used. In this paper, we present FPAvisual, a visualization tool that helps instructors teach the reasons for the inaccuracies caused by floating-point arithmetic (FPA), their impact and significance in programs, and the techniques to improve the accu...