This paper explores how uneven and often unreliable digital connections shape the patterns routines of life, work rest for seafarers, during long periods at sea. Such fragmented connections, which surface when ship moves in out connectivity or onboard data allowances run out, create a series uncertainties that might unsettle individual collective notions security. Ethnographic nature, study eng...

A fragmented habitat becomes increasingly fragmented for species at higher trophic levels, such as parasitoids. To persist, these species are expected to possess life-history traits, such as high dispersal, that facilitate their ability to use resources that become scarce in fragmented landscapes. If a specialized parasitoid disperses widely to take advantage of a sparse host, then the parasito...