OBJECTIVE To analyze the perceptions and appreciations over smoke-free environments of restaurant and bar managers from four cities in central Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS Managers from 219 restaurants and bars from Mexico City, Colima, Cuernavaca and Toluca were surveyed about smoke-free environments opinions and implementation. Simultaneously, environmental nicotine was monitored. RESULTS...

BACKGROUND This study examined the formulation, adoption, and implementation of a ban on smoking in the parks and beaches in Vancouver, Canada. METHODS Informed by Critical Multiplism, we explored the policy adoption process, support for and compliance with a local bylaw prohibiting smoking in parks and on beaches, experiences with enforcement, and potential health equity issues through a ser...

OBJECTIVE To assess smokers' perceived effects of smoking bans in bars, nightclubs, and gaming venues on their smoking behaviour. DESIGN Cross sectional structured interview telephone survey of a random sample of smokers. SETTING Population survey in Victoria, Australia. PARTICIPANTS The sample comprised 597 smokers and analyses were conducted on 409 smokers who reported patronising bars,...

The evidence suggests that smoke-free workplace policies may change social norms towards exposing others to second-hand smoke at home. The aim of the study was to assess whether being employed in a smoke-free workplace (SFWP) is associated with living in a smoke-free home (SFH). We used the data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey conducted in Nigeria in 2012, in which 9,765 individuals were i...

BACKGROUND Tobacco control needs in India are large and complex. Evaluation of outcomes to date has been limited. AIM To review the extent of tobacco control measures, and the outcomes of associated trialled interventions, in India. METHODS Information was identified via database searches, journal hand-searches, reference and citation searching, and contact with experts. Studies of any popu...

OBJECTIVES American Indians are more likely to smoke, less likely to have smoke-free homes, and potentially less likely to have worksite smoke-free policies. We examined correlates of smoke-free policies at home and work among a community-based sample of American Indians in the Midwest. METHODS We examined correlates of smoke-free policies at home and work in a sample of American Indians in t...

The probabilistic escape LIFO (peLIFO) policy was proposed as a member of the pseudo-LIFO family of replacement policies [1]. This is a deterministic replacement policy that computes certain probabilities to reach a deterministic eviction decision in last-level caches. This brief note includes a few additional experimental results involving the peLIFO policy, a discussion on the impact of L2 ca...

In this article we develop a model to help a maintenance decision-making situation of a given equipment. We propose a novel model to determine optimal life-cycle duration and intervals between overhauls by minimizing global maintenance costs. We consider a situation where the customer, which owns the equipment, may negotiate a better warranty contract by offering an improved preventive maintena...

In Korea, smoke-free regulations have been gradually implemented in bars based on venue size. Smoking bans were implemented in 2013 for bars ≥150 m², in 2014 for bars ≥100 m², and in 2015 for bars of all sizes. The purpose of this study was to determine indoor fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations in bars before and after implementation of the smoke-free policies based on venue size. Indoor PM2....

warranty as a kind of service contract today plays a role key in business and legal transactions. in this paper, we present a manufacturer, an agent and a customer's model under different service contracts suggestions. the manufacturer's profit is maximized by determining sale price, warranty period and warranty price. in addition we obtain optimal maintenance cost or repair cost for ...