freezing suggests that the rhabdoms of B. thermydron beyond the first juvenile crab stage may be resistant to the chemical fixation used for anatomical analysis. Rapid freezing of crabs collected remotely under low light conditions at infrequently visited vents may be required to determine the in situ state of adult and latejuvenile eyes. Because related shallow-water brachyuran crabs do not un...

Transplantation of pancreases may have clinical utility in the treatment of diabetes, for it has been shown that chemically induced diabetes in rats can be reversed by the transplantation of 2 four syngeneic fetal pancreases. Allogeneic transplants produce serious immunological problems, but the prob ems could be ameliorated if tissue-typed organs could be stored in the frozen state. Unfortunat...

The policy of driving organization such as Highways Agency is towards the use of performance related specifications. This policy and adoption of European wide aggregate standards on the one hand, and sustainable construction pressures on the other, all strongly emphasize on further need for more developments to specifications and performance assessment methodologies inst...

today many countries have water shortage problems, so most of them compel to resort to desalination processes. this paper describes the effect of indirect contact freezing by external cooling for desalination of seawater and brackish water. although various types of processes are introduced for desalination and such processes as reverse osmosis (ro) and multi-effect distillation (med) are used ...

To reduce the refining energy consumption of chemi-mechanical pulping, treatment with NaOH-thiourea-urea aqueous solution was studied in this work. By means of single-factor experiments, the effects of alkali dosage, soaking time, and freezing time were evaluated. It was found that the optimal conditions were an alkali dosage of 8%, soaking time of 45 min, and freezing time of 105 min. The resu...

Optimization of Bacillus subtilis (isolate B246) growth conditions for mass cell production under laboratory conditions was investigated as part of a biological control programme. Aspects such as increasing yield using various starter culture volumes, various media and incubation time and temperatures, were studied. No significant differences between starter culture volumes were found. Potato m...

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) enable organisms to survive under freezing or sub-freezing conditions. AFPs have a great potential in the low temperature storage of cells, tissues, organs, and foods. This process will require a large number of recombinant AFPs. In the present study, the recombinant carrot AFP was highly expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3). The activity of the purified an...

In this study, different methods for shell splitting and the effect of freezing prior to drying on shell splitting percentage of pistachio were investigated. A completely randomized design was used to investigate the effects of different freezing temperatures (0, -6, -12 and -18°C), different drying temperatures (80, 90 and 100°C) and different cultivars (Akbari and Kalehghouchi) on shell split...

Background: This paper considers whether the development of oocyte freezing raises any new or distinctive ethical issues. It will examine the ethical issues raised by this technique: the ’social’ use of egg freezing and how that might be defined; the use of egg freezing for cancer patients; and limitations and benefits of the technique. Materials and Methods: A consideration of the literature a...