This study investigates the effects of the gelatin concentration (10-40%, w/v), freezing temperatures (from -20℃ to -50℃) and freezing methods on the structural and physical properties of gelatin matrices. To freeze gelatin, the pressure-shift freezing (PSF) is being applied at 0.1 (under atmospheric control), 50 and 100 MPa, respectively. The freezing point of gelatin solutions decrease with i...

The advanced stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by complex movement disturbances including freezing. Because freezing is resistant to drug therapy, there has recently been renewed interest in non-pharmacological treatment programmes. In this study the effect of rotational stimulation on freezing was investigated. Eight patients with idiopathic PD and freezing participated in the...

The electrodeposition of copper onto Au(111) from Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) type III has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. Investigations were carried out with mixtures choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) or trifluoroacetamide (TFA). eutectic compositions temperatures determined differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). For the ChCl/EG DES, a ratio 16 : 84 (ChCl:EG) was found ...

Supercooled micro flow in microchannels was demonstrated. In order to clarify fundamental properties of the supercooling state in microchannels, freezing temperature was measured in the microchannels having widths ranging from 70 microm to 300 microm. The freezing temperature decreased with decreasing width of the microchannel when the microchannel wall was chemically modified with octadecylsil...

Ectothermic animals inhabiting the subarctic and temperate regions have evolved strategies to deal with periods of continuous frost during winter. The earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra is freeze tolerant and accumulates large concentrations of glucose upon freezing. The present study investigates the roles of glucose accumulation for long-term freeze tolerance in worms kept frozen at -2 degrees C ...

We study the properties of water at the surface of an antifreeze protein with femtosecond surface sum frequency generation spectroscopy. We find clear evidence for the presence of ice-like water layers at the ice-binding site of the protein in aqueous solution at temperatures above the freezing point. Decreasing the temperature to the biological working temperature of the protein (0 °C to -2 °C...

Because most shrinkage-reducing admixtures (SRAs) significantly reduce the surface tension of a cement paste pore solution, they will naturally influence all physical properties and processes that are dependent in some way on surface tension. Such properties include internal relative humidity, capillary stresses, and freezing point depression, all via the Kelvin equation and its variants (Kelvi...

Assessing freezing community response and whether freezing resistance is related to other functional traits is essential for understanding alpine community assemblages, particularly in Mediterranean environments where plants are exposed to freezing temperatures and summer droughts. Thus, we characterized the leaf freezing resistance of 42 plant species in 38 plots at Sierra de Guadarrama (Spain...

Suspensions of leukemic cells of mice from three different strains of leukemia were subjected to rapid or slow freezing and rapid or slow thawing. Suspensions rapidly frozen to -196 degrees C. were in all cases innocuous, whereas those frozen slowly were capable of transmitting leukemia. The infectivity of slowly frozen material varied from an estimated 0.0001 per cent to 1 per cent of that of ...

Freezing, melting, evaporation and condensation of water are essential ingredients for climate and eventually life on Earth. In the present work, we show how surface freezing of supercooled water in an open container is conditioned and triggered-exclusively-by humidity in air. Additionally, a change of phase is demonstrated to be triggered on the water surface forming surface ice crystals prior...