How could it be wrong to exploit – say, by paying sweatshop wages if the exploited party benefits? do something gratuitously bad like giving a wasteful charity that is better than permissibly doing nothing? Joe Horton argues these puzzles, known as Exploitation Problem and All or Nothing Problem, have no unified answer. I propose one pose challenge for Horton’s take on Problem.

Aage Sørensen, in “Toward a Sounder Basis for Class Analysis,” argues that Marxists are correct in placing exploitation at the center of class analysis since an exploitation-centered concept of class has a much greater potential for explaining the structural foundations of social conflicts over inequality than does its principle rival, the material “life conditions” conception of class. But he ...

Empirical studies have shown that animals often focus on short-term benefits under conditions of predation risk, which reduces the likelihood that they will cooperate with others. However, some theoretical studies predict that animals in adverse conditions should not avoid cooperation with their neighbors since it may decrease individual risks and increase long-term benefits of reciprocal help....

During the course of the last 30 years, the pathological landscape of French Polynesia has undergone major changes. All health indicators attest to the fact that the overall level of health has improved. A sickness regime typical of a developed country now coexists with a pathology of a less developed country. The latter remains a matter of concern. There is a general health over-servicing in F...