A set of constraints is derived for the operating characteristics of tokamak power reactors which are bulk heated by electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). Four heating modes are considered: ordinary wave heating at the electron cyclotron frequency, 0, and at the second harmonic frequency, 20, and extraordinary wave heating at 0 and at 20. For ordinary wave heating at 1, which appears to ...

Abstract High frequency induction heating infrared absorption method is a relative measurement method, and it requires calibrating the analyzer during process. Usually, one-time calibration on an made for high sulfur value by using standard substances. The proposed this paper calibrates carbon-sulfur analyzers with of two-time at both ends, which eliminates impact blank thus improves accuracy p...

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella [L.]), navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella [Walker]), and Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella [Hübner]) are common insect pests in walnuts (Juglans regia [L.]). Currently, exported in-shell walnuts are disinfested using methyl bromide fumigation. Restrictions on methyl bromide use have increased interest in developing alternative postharvest treatments. Radio...

This paper deals with the simulation of induction heating of conducting workpieces with a complex shape and topology. We assume that its conductivity is high, which, owing to the skin effect bars the fields from penetrating deep into the conductors. This justifies the use of a simple magnetostatic model that describes the magnetic field outside the workpiece and the inductor. Field concentratin...

Using a transient mathematical heat transfer model including heat conduction, radiation, and radio frequency (RF) induction heating, we numerically investigate the time evolution of temperature gradients in axisymmetric growth apparatus during sublimation growth of silicon carbide (SiC) bulk single crystals by physical vapor transport (PVT) (modified Lely method). Temperature gradients on the g...

In recent years, induction heating applications assisted by electronic power control have been very appealing. For melting applications, is widely used as it seems to be appropriate and provides higher efficiency, zero pollutants, non-contamination of material, etc. in comparison with conventional heating. The variable frequency scheme not sufficient for because its high switching loss, low low...