A direct C-H/P-H functionalization of heteroaryl N-oxides with H-phosphonates is described. A wide variety of heteroaryl phosphonates were obtained in up to 92% yield in a chemo- and regioselective manner, under oxidant and metal free conditions. This procedure features practicality, high efficiency, environmental friendliness and atom economy.

A previous paper examined Montague’s Intensional Logic, the First Order Predicate Calculus and Jackendoff’s Conceptual Structures. The purpose of this paper is to examine other semantic formalisms, and to explore whether or not any of these formalisms has a degree of user-friendliness and expressiveness that would make it appropriate for a generalized semantic tool that would be applicable to a...

The paper describes the results of the EC COPERNICUS-Project SADTS (= Semi-Active Damping of Truck Suspensions and its Influence on Drivers and Road Loads). This research project investigated the potential of semi-active truck suspensions optimised for road-friendliness. The improvements are compared to modern passive air springs.

A direct C-H bond phosphonation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with H-phosphonates, H-phosphinates or H-phosphine oxides has been developed. A wide variety of heteroaryl phosphonates were obtained in up to 92% yield for 20 examples under transition-metal-free conditions. This protocol tolerates a broad scope of substrates and features practicality, high efficiency, environmental friendliness and atom...

OBJECTIVE Various point-of-care testing (POCT) urine analysers are commercially available for routine urine analysis in general practice. The present study compares analytical performance, agreement and user-friendliness of six different POCT urine analysers for diagnosing urinary tract infection in general practice. SETTING All testing procedures were performed at a diagnostic centre for pri...

BACKGROUND Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) is a new and revolutionary identification method for microorganisms and has recently been introduced into clinical microbiology in many industrialized countries in Europe and North America. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to compare the performance and practicality of two commercial MALDI-TOF M...

BACKGROUND Mechanically assisted cough devices are used in patients with impaired cough to avoid secretion accumulation. We compared 5 mechanically assisted cough devices by bench testing using a breathing simulator and assessed their user-friendliness. METHODS We measured inspiratory and expiratory airway pressures and peak expiratory flow, the strongest indicator of cough efficacy. We perfo...

In response to the growing number of older people living in cities, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the concept of "Age-Friendly Cities" (AFC) to guide the way in designing physical and social environments to encourage active ageing. Limited research has studied the effects of neighbourhood age-friendliness on elderly health outcomes. Using the example of a highly urbanized city ...

To maintain a sustainable society, environmental friendliness is necessary, an effort that all countries must take part in. The be pioneered by developed nations with the resources to enact policies, reduce emissions and conserve energy, from which developing will follow eroded path. Recognizing factors promote necessary for researchers, policymakers, activists alike. Several past studies have ...