Introduction: The study of trace gas species in the Martian atmosphere has the potential to shed new light on wide-ranging topics such as the search for life and the history of liquid water on the planet. Investigating the way that molecules such as ozone, water and HCl are cycled in the atmosphere will give insights into the interactions taking place between the atmosphere, lithosphere and any...

Technology-assisted learning systems are being developed at ever increasing rates, and the labels applied to such systems are growing with them. For example, not only do we have e-learning, but we also have hybrid learning, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning), to mention only a few. Considering that technology is being incorporated in virtually all courses, this article uses the s...

as you know, one of the new programs of the medical universities is to familiarize the students to the medical atmosphere with the help of compassionate and experienced university professors. the program is planned and implemented under the title of mentorship, in which an experienced instructor takes the responsibility of orientation, guidance and problem solving of a number of students. the s...

We have made hitherto nearly 1000 determinations of the intensity of solar radiation outside the atmosphere at mean solar distance, termed the solar constant of radiation. The mean value found is 1.93 calories per square centimeter per minute. Langley's spectro-bolometric method was employed. This consists in determining the distribution of the energy in the solar spectrum at different solar ze...

The impact of healthcare environments on children and young people's (CYP) health and psychosocial wellbeing has attracted much attention in recent years. This sits within the realm of the political drive for enhanced awareness of the need to take account of the rights and voice of the child. Perhaps as a direct result of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and recognition...

Introduction: Titan’s landscape is profoundly shaped by its atmosphere and comparable in magnitude perhaps with only the Earth and Mars amongst the worlds of the Solar System. Like the Earth, climate dictates the intensity and relative roles of fluvial and aeolian activity from place to place and over geologic time. Thus Titan’s landscape is the record of climate change. We have investigated th...

Background: An important stage in medical training is pathophysiology level. There is a question among medical teachers that conventional methods of teaching is sufficient for learning. There is a purpose among teachers to find a way to improve the quality of medical teaching. The aim of this study was to compare lecture and blended methods to each other. Methods: 121 medical students of Mashha...