A comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the effects of fire on ecosystem nitrogen (N) is urgently needed for directing future fire research and management. This study used a meta-analysis method to synthesize up to 185 data sets from 87 studies published from 1955 to 1999. Six N response variables related to fire were examined: fuel N amount (FNA) and concentration (FNC), soil N amount (...

This paper has studied fuel consumption in Nagel-Schreckenberg traffic flow model. The dependence of fuel consumption (per km per vehicle) on the average density ρ, the maximum velocity vmax, and the randomization probability p is studied. The relationship between fuel consumption and average velocity is also investigated. Our simulations indicate to minimize fuel consumption, different average...

Abstract: Reduction of NOX emissions and fuel consumption are the main topics in engine development, forcing the adoption of complex techniques and components, whose interactions have to be clearly understood for proper and reliable operations and management of the whole system. The investigation presented in this paper aimed at the development of integrated control strategies of turbocharging,...

and a contra rotating propeller behind it mounted on a pulling mechanical thruster. The machinery has been confi gured to keep the initial cost low by avoiding expensive electric pods and drives, and by going to a simple mechanical drive of the forward propeller using a large bore main engine. A novel machinery and cargo ramp arrangement has been developed to facilitate also very large main eng...

Hybrid electric vehicles are seen as a solution to improving fuel economy and reducing pollution emissions from automobiles. By recovering kinetic energy during braking and optimizing the engine operation to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, a hybrid vehicle can outperform a traditional vehicle. In designing a hybrid vehicle, the task of finding optimal component sizes and an appropriate c...

The significant consumption of gas in the World results in the emission of greenhouse gases into atmosphere. Abadan refinery has always been the biggest and oldest oil refinery in the Middle East and has a variety of refined products. After six months of collecting data about pollutant concentration emitted from a stack of old furnaces of units 75 and new unit 200, the emission factor of the po...

A comprehensive study on the methanol as an alternative fuel has been carried out. A four stroke four cylinder diesel engine was adopted to study engine power, torque, break specific fuel consumption, break thermal efficiency and exhaust temperature with the fuel of fraction methanol in diesel. In this study, the diesel engine was tested using methanol blended with diesel at certain mixing rati...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: Q43 Q54 C68 D58 H50 H68 Keywords: Fuel prices Endogenous growth Budgetary consolidation Climate policy Dynamic general equilibrium Portugal This paper examines the influence of fossil fuel prices on carbon dioxide emissions, economic activity, and the public sector account in Portugal. It uses a dynamic general equilibrium model which highlights the mec...

In the present study, a methodology for determining the factors affecting fuel consumption variation in tractors is proposed using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) technique. The mechanical system of a rear traction tractor is modeled and the parameters responsible for the tractor performance are emphasized. From the definition of such parameters (for example: rear weight dynamic, slip, dynamic we...