This paper treats air-to-fuel ratio control of a spark ignition engine. A direct adaptive control method using Gaussian neural networks is developed to compensate transient fueling dynamics and the measurement bias of mass air flow rate into the manifold. The transient fueling compensation method is coupled with a dynamic sliding mode control technique that governs fueling rate when the throttl...

This work is carried out to investigate combustion characteristics of a dual fuel (diesel-gas) engine at part loads, using a quasi-dimensional multi zone combustion model (MZCM) for the combustion of diesel fuel and a single zone model with detailed chemical kinetics for the combustion of natural gas fuel. Chemical kinetic mechanisms consist of 184 reactions with 50 species. This combustion mod...

In view of the economy and environmental impacts of the energy utilization, most of the heat transfer industries such as steel mills, glass plants and forging shops, foundry process and furnaces are focusing on energy efficient strategies and implementing new technologies. Gas Technology Institute (GTI) and Air Liquide Chicago Research Centre (ALCRC) have applied Oscillating Combustion Technolo...

proton exchange membrane fuel cells (pemfcs) with a dead-ended anode and cathode can obtain high hydrogen and oxygen utilization by a comparatively simple system. nevertheless, the accumulation of the water in the anode and cathode channels might cause a local fuel starvation degrading the performance and durability of pemfcs. in this study, a brand new design for a polymer electrolyte membrane...

the premixed counterflow flames propagation in combustion of mixture which is a uniform mixture of fuel particles and air is analytically studied. this analysis framework is based on thermal-diffusion model with assumption that the lewis number is unit and the strain rate is constant. velocity profile is assumed as a function of one variable like x. the structure of the flame is presumed to con...

Catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) has recently received particular attention because it is one of the most attractive technologies for the production of syngas and hydrogen in small to medium scales. Current study subjected to partial oxidation reforming which have simultaneously studied the effect of the fuel composition and flow rates of methane-oxygen mixed gas on the SOFCs performances. In...

In mixed-culture microbial fuel cells (MFCs), exoelectrogens and other microorganisms compete for substrate. It has previously been assumed that substrate losses to other terminal electron acceptors over a fed-batch cycle, such as dissolved oxygen, are constant. However, a constant rate of substrate loss would only explain small increases in coulombic efficiencies (CEs, the fraction of substrat...

this research was conducted in the west forest of guilan, northern iran. data from various harvesting methods for 20 years were collected. results showed that, productivity rate of round wood, pulp wood and fuel wood has had an upward trend, while rate of traditional products (lumber, sawn wood, charcoal, etc.) has had a downward trend. production cost has been investigated in this research. th...

Haman, François. Shivering in the cold: from mechanisms of fuel selection to survival. J Appl Physiol 100: 1702–1708, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01088.2005.—In coldexposed adult humans, significant or lethal decreases in body temperature are delayed by reducing heat loss via peripheral vasoconstriction and by increasing rates of heat production via shivering thermogenesis. This brief review...

In recent years, many different plans have been considered to use the nuclear energy gained from inertial confinement fusion (ICF) as attempts to obtain high energy efficiencies. In conventional ICF methods, a small amount (about mg) of the deuterium–tritium compound is confined in a small spherical chamber of a few millimeters in radius and compressed by laser or heavy ion beams with powers in...