Fuel-grade ethanol (76L of E95, 95%v/v ethanol, 5%v/v hydrocarbon mixture as a denaturant) was released at the water table in an 8150-L continuous-flow tank packed with fine-grain masonry sand. Ethanol, which is buoyant and hygroscopic, quickly migrated upwards and spread laterally in the capillary zone. Horizontal migration of ethanol occurred through a shallow thin layer with minimal vertical...

The aim of this work was to provide a formulation non-linear diffusion model with forced convection in the form reaction–absorption system. studied analytical and numerical approaches frame parabolic operators theory. In addition, solutions are applied gas interaction phenomenon intention producing an inerted ullage Airbus A320 aircraft centre fuel tank. We made use travelling wave (TW) approac...

The size and complexity of industrial chemical plants, together with the nature of the products handled, means that an analysis and control of the risks involved is required. This paper presents a methodology for risk analysis in chemical and allied industries that is based on a combination of HAZard and OPerability analysis (HAZOP) and a quantitative analysis of the most relevant risks through...

FIG. 1.-Diagram of gas-generator. 1 = metal lid. 2 = aperture of container. 3 = tap with automatic valve. 4 = space (+ of container) for collecting the gas mixture produced. 5 = pipes for conducting the mixed coal-gas to filters. 6 = space (Q of container) serving as fuel bed for the charcoal (combustion chambers). 7 = iron chamber with inner wall of firebricks (height: 1-50 m, diameter: 0 70 m...

The rapid consumption of petroleum deposits and the escalating air pollution problems caused by burning fossil fuels have driven the global research community to look for cleaner and renewable energy resources. Albeit not a primary energy source, hydrogen is an ideal energy carrier. It almost triples the gravimetric heat of combustion of gasoline (120 MJ kg 1 vs. 44.5 MJ kg ). More importantly,...

Continuing modifications of fuels like gasoline should include evaluations of the proposed constituents for their potential to damage environmental resources such as subsurface water supplies. Consequently, we developed a screening model to estimate well water concentrations and transport times for gasoline components migrating from underground fuel tank (UFT) releases to typical at-risk commun...