Chloropicrin fumigation, Eptam 7-E (EPTC) herbicide, and Paenibacillus macerans seed treatments were evaluated as alternatives to fumigation with methyl bromide/chloropicrin for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling production at three nurseries in the southern United States. A treatment of metam sodium/chloropicrin was also evaluated at one nursery. Seedling density was unaffected by fumigat...

With the recent decline of honey bees, Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), there is a need for alternative or supplemental crop pollinators, such as Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). However, O. cornifrons propagation could be impeded by a cleptoparasitic mite, Chaetodactylus krombeini Baker. We investigated the effects of formic acid and wintergreen oil on mor...

Multiple incidents of illness and death following exposure to fumigated agricultural products in railroad cars have been reported by several states along the U.S.-Mexico border. From 1989 through 1993, the Texas Department of Health identified three incidents involving 11 exposed persons, resulting in two deaths. The California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Pesticide Regulation...

Bacterial wilt is a soil-borne disease that causes severe damage in ginger-growing regions of Japan (eight prefectures the Shikoku, Kyushu, and Honshu regions). Because pathogen Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum usually lives deeper soil infects host plants via roots, it not easy to eliminate even with chemical pesticides (such as fumigants). In our previous study, we found anaerobic disinfestation ...

Methylisothiocyanate (MITC) and chloropicrin (CP) are alternatives to methyl bromide for soil fumigation. However, surface transport of MITC emission has been cited as the cause for seedling damage in adjacent fields at several bare-root forest-tree nurseries. Field experiments were conducted at nurseries in Wisconsin and Georgia to measure air emissions of MITC and CP after fumigation. Four tr...

With the increasing importance of soilborne plant pest nematodes and relatively recent phase-out methyl bromide as a key soil fumigant, there is an urgent need for new fumigants with good nematicidal properties. Ethanedinitrile (EDN) promising fumigant preparation because its physical, agrochemical, However, efficacy against nematode pests different crops under field conditions has not been ful...