It is well-known that prices of options on one underlying asset decay with time and are convex in the underlying asset if the contract function is convex. Here, options on several underlying assets are studied and we prove that if the volatility matrix is independent of time, then the option prices decay with time if the contract function is convex. However, the option prices are no longer nece...

We investigate the problem of when ≤ λ–support iterations of < λ–complete notions of forcing preserve λ. We isolate a property — properness over diamonds — that implies λ is preserved and show that this property is preserved by λ–support iterations. Our condition is a relative of that presented in [1]; it is not clear if the two conditions are equivalent. We close with an application of our tec...

PURPOSE Despite American College of Rheumatology recommendations, appropriate and timely initiation of biologic therapies does not always occur. This study examined openness to and preference for attributes of biologic therapies among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), differences in patients' and rheumatologists' perceptions, and discussions around biologic therapy initiation. PATIENTS...

BACKGROUND Moderate to severe plaque psoriasis has a serious effect on health-related quality of life. Patients treated with biologic medications place importance on satisfaction and treatment frequency options. We assessed patient-reported treatment satisfaction and dosing frequency choice with biologics. METHODS We used a health care claims database to identify patients with moderate to sev...

BACKGROUND Biologic therapies represent a significant advance in the treatment of psoriasis. However, no studies have examined the patient characteristics predictive of biologic treatment of psoriasis. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the frequency and predictors of treatment of psoriasis with biologics in three European countries, ie, France, Spain, and the UK. METHODS This was a c...

Objective This study was designed to directly compare the outcomes of tofacitinib therapy for methotrexate-refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) between biologic-naïve patients and patients who had experienced an inadequate response to biological agents. Methods We prospectively enrolled and followed 113 patients who had a high or moderate clinical disease activity index (CDAI) (36 biologic-naïv...

Origami-inspired engineering design is increasingly used in the development of self-folding structures. The majority of existing self-folding structures either use a bespoke crease pattern to form a single structure, or a universal crease pattern capable of forming numerous structures with multiple folding steps. This paper presents a new approach whereby multiple distinct, rigid-foldable creas...

Emotion recognition and empathy abilities require the integration of contextual information in real-life scenarios. Previous reports have explored these domains in adolescent offenders (AOs) but have not used tasks that replicate everyday situations. In this study we included ecological measures with different levels of contextual dependence to evaluate emotion recognition and empathy in AOs re...

A method based on the elementary operations algorithm (EOA) is developed that reduces a system matrix describing a discrete linear repetitive process to a 2-D nonsingular Roesser form such that all the input-output properties, including the transfer-function matrix, are preserved. Some areas for possible future use/application of the developed results will also be briefly discussed.

We investigate linear energy preserving methods for the Volterra lattice equation as non-canonical Hamiltonian system. The averaged vector field method was applied to the Volterra lattice equation in bi-Hamiltonian form with quadratic and cubic Poisson brackets. Numerical results confirm the excellent long time preservation of the Hamiltonians and the polynomial integrals.