Compliance with the automotive standard ISO 26262 requires the development of a safety case for electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems whose malfunction has the potential to lead to an unreasonable level of risk. In order to justify freedom from unreasonable risk, a safety argument should be developed in which the safety requirements are shown to be complete and satisfied by the evidence ge...

The aim of the international standard IEC 61508 is to provide a route whereby safety-related systems can be implemented using electrical or electronic or programmable electronic technology in such a way that an acceptable level of functional safety is achieved. The strategy of the standard is first to derive the safety requirements of the safety-related system from a hazard & risk analysis and ...

Safety critical systems or applications must satisfy safety requirements ensuring that catastrophic consequences of combined component failures are avoided or kept below a satisfying probability threshold. Therefore, designers must define a hardened architecture (or implementation) of each application, which fulfills the required level of safety by integrating redundancy and safety mechanisms. ...

Electronics continue to play an ever-increasing role in products whose operation is critical to the preservation of human life, whether on the factory floor, during your morning commute, in the operating theater or in a myriad other locations. Ensuring these products always operate in a “safe” manner and meet the stringent functional safety requirements of standards such as IEC 61508 or ISO 262...

objectives: because of the high rates of accidents, the construction industry has become a hazardous industry in iran and therefore paying more attention is required. this paper investigates safety management in construction companies for improving workers’ safety as one of the ergonomics aims. methods: in order to survey the safety management in construction companies a questionnaire was prepa...

occupational accidents severely deteriorate human capital, and hence negatively affect the productivity andcompetitiveness. but despite these negative points, there are still deficiencies in safety managementperformance and indicators. therefore the safety issue needs an active management. for this reason, thewriter has proposed an approach to evaluate organizations based on safety management. ...

This report describes a formal approach to verification and validation of safety requirements for embedded software, by application to a simple control-logic case study. The logic is formally specified in Z. System safety properties are formalised by defining The paper develops a theoretical basis for assigning safety requirements for components of complex systems, including software, in a form...

[Context and motivation] In practice, validating functional safety requirements is mainly done by means of reviews, which require large amounts of contextual information about hazards, such as safety goals or the operational conditions under which the hazard occurs. [Question/problem] This information is often scattered across a plethora of artifacts produced particularly during requirements en...

The architectures of modern automobiles are heterogeneous distributed integrated architectures that integrate multiple heterogeneous processing units and network buses with a central gateway. Modern automotive embedded systems combine the related characteristics of real-time, cyber-physical, mixed-criticality, and heterogeneous distributed systems; moreover, such systems must meet specific func...

This paper introduces a new method for safety analysis called HiPHOPS (Hierarchically Performed Hazard Origin and Propagation Studies). HiP-HOPS originates from a number of classical techniques such as Functional Failure Analysis, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis and Fault Tree Analysis. However, it extends, automates and integrates these techniques in order to address some of the problems cur...