A wide range of morphological varieties and developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland have been reported in literature such as hypoplasia, ectopy, hemi agenesis, and agenesis. Out of these the incidence of agenesis of the isthmus of thyroid gland is rare and very few cases have been reported. In the present case report a male cadaver was found with agenesis of isthmus of thyroid gland with p...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an infrequent calcitonin-producing neuroendocrine tumor that initiates from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. Several genetic and epigenetic alterations are collaterally responsible for medullary thyroid carcinogenesis. In this review article, we shed light on all the genetic and epigenetic hallmarks of MTC. From the genetic perspective, RET, ...

Hemorrhage of a previously normal thyroid gland as a result of blunt trauma is a very rare condition. We report a case of blunt trauma that caused acute hemorrhage into the thyroid gland and presented with hoarseness. The diagnosis of thyroid gland hematoma was made with a combination of fiberoptic laryngoscopy, cervical computed tomography, and carotid angiography. The patient was treated cons...

Many suggest that clinical examination is the best tool to detect nodules of thyroid gland. They also ultrasound gland should be used only monitor any changes in size nodule thyroid. To study swellings Thyroid with an emphasis on multinodular goitre. The prospective, involving all patients swelling. All swelling cases were subjected FNAC. type thyroidectomy was based and whether neoplastic or n...

Thyroid ectopy is a rare condition, caused by dysfunction during migration of the thyroid gland its embryogenesis. It generally associated with subclinical hypothyroidism. Patients this pathology are mostly asymptomatic. seen in childhood an anterior cervical mass which confuses it cyst thyroglossal tract. The diagnosis made ultrasound imaging, scintigraphy and histological examination. Managem...

Advances in the development and improvement of medical technologies methods processing images make it possible to highlight clinically significant characteristics that were not previously available classical imaging. Ultrasound diagnostics thyroid gland nodules has a huge potential processing. The article presents an overview existing ultrasound classification systems for malignancy prospects i...

The human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) is an intrinsic transmembrane protein that mediates the active transport of iodide across the basolateral membrane of thyroid follicular cells. In addition to normally functioning thyroid tissue, various extrathyroidal tissues, including salivary gland, lacrimal gland, gastric mucosa, choroid plexus, and lactating mammary gland, have been demonstrated to...

Ectopic thyroid tissue results from abnormal embryologic development and migration of the thyroid gland. True malignant transformation in ectopic thyroid tissue is extremely rare and is always diagnosed after surgical excision of the lesion by pathology examinations. There are well-documented cases of ectopic thyroid cancer while primary tumoral lesion occurs in the orthotopic thyroid, but only...

It has long been known that there is a close relationship between pregnancy and the thyroid gland-iodine insufficiency, goitre development, and abnormal thyroid function are common during pregnancy. Autoimmune thyroid disease and thyrotoxicosis may also affect pregnant women, and their management requires the understanding of the interaction between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. In thi...

As part of a systematic investigation the glycosphingolipids in human tissues, acid and non-acid from thyroid parathyroid glands were isolated characterized with mass spectrometry binding carbohydrate-recognizing ligands, focus on complex compounds. The glycosphingolipid patterns very similar. major sulfatide gangliosides GM3, GD3, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b Neu5Ac-neolactotetraosylceramide, globotriaosy...