When does the presence of an outlier in some measured property indicate that outlying object differs qualitatively, rather than quantitatively, from other members its apparent class? Historical examples include many types supernov\ae\ and short {\it vs.\/} long Gamma Ray Bursts. There may be only one parameter outlier, so principal component analyses are inapplicable. A qualitative difference i...

Based on prior field observations, we hypothesized that individual and interacting effects of plant size, density, insect herbivory, and especially fungal disease, influenced seedling and juvenile plant growth in native Platte thistle populations (Cirsium canescens Nutt.). We worked at Arapaho Prairie in the Nebraska Sandhills (May August 2007), monitoring plant growth, insect damage, and funga...

Leptosphaeria maculans is the major pathogen of canola (oilseed rape, Brassica napus) worldwide. In Australia, the use of azole fungicides has contributed to the 50-fold increase in canola production in the last 25 years. However, extensive application of fungicides sets the stage for the selection of fungal populations with resistance. A high-throughput in planta assay was developed to allow s...

In late 2003, nine populations of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa in Ontario Canada (seven of which had been previously sampled in early 1994, prior to the registration of sterol demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides for turf disease control in Canada) were sampled and tested for sensitivity to propiconazole. Four of the nine populations had not been treated with DMI fungicides during the interveni...

Fungicides are important tools for managing diseases in many crops. Unlike insecticides and some herbicides which kill established insects or weeds, fungicides are most commonly applied to protect healthy plants from infection. To be effective, fungicides must be applied before infections become established and in a sufficient spray volume to achieve thorough coverage of the plant or treated ar...

RATIONALE The purpose of this study was to identify the chemical responsible for cholestatic hepatitis in a 55-year-old woman who ingested 1,1'-iminodi (octamethylene) diguanidinium triacetate (iminoctadine triacetate), a fungicide. The fungicide formulation was also composed of polyoxyethylene nonylphenol (NP-40) and methanol. PATIENT CONCERNS Severe cholestatic hepatitis developed, which le...

Aoki, Y., Kawagoe, Y., Fujimori, N., Tanaka, S., and Suzuki, S. 2015. Monitoring of a single point mutation in the PvCesA3 allele conferring resistance to carboxylic acid amide fungicides in Plasmopara viticola populations in Yamanashi prefecture, Japan. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-RS-140041. The use of the carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide mandipropamid to manage grapevine downy ...