case presentation the patient was a 65-year-old female with sps diagnosed 1 year before. assessments were performed, such as range of motion, muscle strength, pain, balance, and functional mobility. she had shoulder pain, with a score of 5/10 on the numerical pain rating scale for both shoulders. moreover, her muscle strength was impaired. although the patient could not maintain an upright posi...

In this paper, we consider an implicit block backward differentiation formula (BBDF) for solving Volterra Integro-Differential Equations (VIDEs). The approach given in this paper leads to numerical methods for solving VIDEs which avoid the need for special starting procedures. Convergence order and linear stability properties of the methods are analyzed. Also, methods with extensive stability r...

In this study, predictive capabilities of apparent viscosity of oil-based drilling fluids which is used in National Iranian South Oilfields Company (NISOC) were evaluated using Newtonian and non-Newtonian models to drive a new suitable equation. The non-Newtonian models include Bingham plastic, Power law, Herschel-Bulkley, Casson, and Robertson-Stiff. To validate the results, the calculated vis...

Abstract. Asymptotic properties of solutions of general linear differential-algebraic equations (DAE’s) and those of their numerical counterparts are discussed. New results on the asymptotic stability in the sense of Lyapunov as well as on contractive index-2 DAE’s are given. The behaviour of BDF, IRK, and PIRK applied to such systems is investigated. In particular, we clarify the significance ...

We study fractional Brownian motion– (FBM–) driven fuzzy stochastic evolution equations. These equations can be used to model fuzziness, long-range dependence, and unpredictability in hybrid real-world systems. Under various assumptions regarding the coefficients, we investigate existence-uniqueness of solution using an approximation method integral. solve equation with linear for example, fina...