PURPOSE Few cells with stem cell characteristics possess capabilities of self-renewal and differentiation, which leads to high tumorigenesis and resistance to standard chemotherapeutic agents. These cells are mostly quiescent, and arrest occurs at the mitotic G0/G1 phase in mitosis. We explored the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the MCF-7 cell cycle with CD44(+)/CD24(-). ...

It is known from a work of Feigin and Frenkel that a Wakimoto type, generalized free field realization of the current algebra Ĝk can be associated with each parabolic subalgebra P = (G0+G+) of the Lie algebra G, where in the standard case G0 is the Cartan and P is the Borel subalgebra. In this letter we obtain an explicit formula for the Wakimoto realization in the general case. Using Hamiltoni...

Growth factors and essential nutrients are key controllers of eukaryotic cell proliferation. In their absence, cells may enter into a quiescent (G0) state. In yeast, nitrogen and/or carbon limitation causes downregulation of the conserved TORC1 and PKA signaling pathways and consequently activation of Rim15, a member of the PAS protein kinase family. Rim15 orchestrates the initiation of the G0 ...

Understanding, predicting, and controlling outbreaks of waterborne diseases are crucial goals of public health policies, but pose challenging problems because infection patterns are influenced by spatial structure and temporal asynchrony. Although explicit spatial modeling is made possible by widespread data mapping of hydrology, transportation infrastructure, population distribution, and sanit...

Nicotinamide, the amide derivative of vitamin B(3), cooperates with retinoic acid (RA), a form of vitamin A, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (D3), to regulate cell differentiation and proliferation of human myeloblastic leukemia cells. In human myeloblastic leukemia cells, RA or D3 are known to cause MAPK signaling leading to myeloid or monocytic differentiation and G0 cell cycle arrest. In this...

In this study, we compared the average coancestry and inbreeding levels for two genetic conservation schemes in which frozen semen from a gene bank is used to reduce the inbreeding in a live population. For a simple scheme in which only semen of generation-0 (G0) sires is used, the level of inbreeding asymptotes to 1/(2N), where N is the number of newborn sires in the base generation and rate o...

Ribonucleotide reductase catalyzes the first unique, rate-limiting step in DNA synthesis; both its large (M1) and small (M2) subunits are necessary for activity. While direct studies of M2 expression have previously shown a tight correlation with S phase, the kinetic features of M1-expressing cells have remained ill defined. Therefore we have, using immunofluorescence flow cytometry, analyzed c...

The single-crystal elastic properties of Fe-bearing wadsleyite with 1.93 wt% H2O (Mg1.634Fe0.202H0.305SiO4) have been determined by Brillouin scattering. At ambient conditions, the aggregate bulk and shear moduli (KS0, G0) of this wadsleyite are 156.2(5) and 98.0(3) GPa, respectively. Compared to the corresponding anhydrous wadsleyite, 1.93 wt% H2O lowers KS0 and G0 by 8.1% and 9.3%, respective...

IgG antibodies are glycoproteins containing a branched sugar moiety attached to the asparagine 297 residue in the antibody constant region (Fc). This glycan is essential for maintaining a functional Fc structure, which is a prerequisite for antibody-mediated effector functions, such as the interaction with cellular Fc receptors or the complement component C1q. Variations in the composition of t...

The ground field k is algebraically closed and of characteristic zero. Let g be a reductive algebraic Lie algebra. Classical results of Kostant [7] give a fairly complete invarianttheoretic picture of the (co)adjoint representation of g. Let σ ∈ Aut(g) be an involution and g = g0 ⊕ g1 the corresponding Z2-grading. Associated to this decomposition, there is a non-reductive Lie algebra k = g0 ⋉ g...