The diterpenoid phytohormone gibberellin (GA) controls diverse developmental processes throughout the plant life cycle. DELLA proteins are master growth repressors that function immediately downstream of the GA receptor to inhibit GA signaling. By doing so, DELLAs also play pivotal roles as integrators of internal developmental signals from multiple hormone pathways and external cues. DELLAs ar...

Gibberellins (GAs) play many biological roles in higher plants. We collected and performed genetic analysis on rice (Oryza sativa) GA-related mutants, including GA-deficient and GA-insensitive mutants. Genetic analysis of the mutants revealed that rice GA-deficient mutations are not transmitted as Mendelian traits to the next generation following self-pollination of F1 heterozygous plants, alth...

a true estimation of gestational age (ga) plays an important role in quality maternity care and scheduling the labor date. this study aimed to evaluate the normal fetal kidney length (kl) and its correlation with ga. a cross-sectional study on 92 pregnant women between 8th and 10th week of gestation with normal singleton pregnancy underwent standard ultrasound fetal biometry and kidney length m...

For Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films made by the selenization of metallic precursors, Ga accumulation at the back contact prevents the achievement of high voltage solar cells. In this work, selenization of mixed metal/metal-selenide precursors has been studied with respect to the composition distribution and device performance. Precursors consisting of Cu-Se/Ga/In and (In,Ga)-Se/Cu were reacted in H2Se at 45...

Elongating shoots of rapidly growing clones of Salix viminalis L. (clone 683-4) and Salix dasyclados Wimm. (clone 908) harvested in early August were analyzed for endogenous gibberellins (GA). Distribution of GA-like activity, determined by Tan-ginbozu dwarf rice microdrop bioassay after reverse phase C(18) high performance chromatography, was similar for both species. For S. dasyclados, combin...

Seed dormancy and germination in higher plants are partially controlled by the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA). ABA establishes dormancy during embryo maturation, whereas GA breaks dormancy and induces germination. Previous attempts to identify GA response genes were confounded because GA mutants are not expected to germinate and, unlike GA auxotrophs, should fail t...

Limited uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation could be beneficial for cells by preventing excessive generation of reactive oxygen species. Typical uncouplers are weak organic acids capable of permeating across membranes with a narrow gap between efficacy and toxicity. Aimed at designing a nontoxic uncoupler, the protonatable amino acid residue Glu was substituted for Val at the N-terminus of ...

Cell-free extracts capable of converting [(14)C]-labeled gibberellins (GAs) were prepared from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves. [(14)C]-labeled GAs, prepared enzymically from [(14)C]mevalonic acid, were incubated with these extracts, and products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The following pathway was found to operate in extracts from spinach leaves grown under ...

Gestational age (GA) is thought to affect height growth in small-for-gestational age (SGA) children. However, the GA-specific trajectories in body mass index (BMI) and early appearances of adiposity rebound (AR) have not been fully investigated in a cohort of Japanese SGA children. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted with 1063 SGA children born in Kobe, Japan, with sufficient records from...