The objective of the work was to undertake a literature review on the subject of corrosion inhibition in the offshore oil and gas industry to understand the current issues. The application of chemical corrosion inhibitors can significantly reduce the rate of corrosion of carbon steel pipelines due to the presence of CO2 and/or H2S. An inhibited corrosion rate of 0.1 mm/year can typically be ach...

Gas monitors for industrial applications must have high reliability and require little maintenance. Monitors for in-situ measurements using tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy in the near infrared, can meet these requirements. A brief description of monitors using high-frequency wavelength modulation spectroscopy with second-harmonic detection is presented. Some problems related to ind...

In this paper the main attention is paid to the proposed methodology of assessing ecosystem risks associated with industrial emissions that not only allows to make quantitative estimation of potential changes in the ecosystem condition but also to calculate probability of their occurrence. It is also providing a detailed characterization of ecosystems as targets of man-induced impact. Finally i...

geothermal energy because of its versatility has extensive applications in power generation, industry, agriculture, treatment of diseases etc: ...this source of energy has received great attention in recent years many countries in the world are benefiting from it. it possesses an eternal heat source and is pollution free. in this article it is tried to demonstrate the importance of georhermal e...

The application of sulphide scavengers is a widely adopted practice in production and processing operations in the Oil and Gas Industry. Particularly challenging is the search and development of new chemistries, which is aimed at safeguarding the health of personnel and maintaining good protection of materials under a variety of conditions whilst being environmentally acceptable. This paper inc...

Pneumatic instrument systems powered by high-pressure natural gas are often used across the natural gas and petroleum industries for process control. Typical process control applications include pressure, temperature, liquid level, and flow rate regulation. The constant bleed of natural gas from these controllers is collectively one of the largest sources of methane emissions in the natural gas...

Oil resources are harder to get Oil is vital to industrial civilization in its current configuration as it accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy consumption, ranging from as low of 32% for Europe and Asia, up to a high of 53% for the Middle East. Since 2005 and in the words of a spokesman from ExxonMobil, “All the easy oil and gas in the world has pretty much been found. Now com...

This paper examines competition in the natural gas industry, with a reference to the recent European liberalization plans. Each ̄rm, endowed with a (limited) low cost capacity, participates in a decentralized market where it contracts directly with the individual customers paying each time a ̄xed fee. Contracting costs and price competition make entry in the same submarkets unpro t̄able, while l...

Upstream and midstream business are expected to be the most affected, as large numbers of experienced workers retire and competition for new talent heats up. This is not just an “HR issue”: Knowledge, not assets, will be the source of future value growth in the sector, and a shortage of well-qualified professionals will constrain the abilities both to grow in scale and to compete in an ever mor...