The 2008/2009 world economic crisis had significant impact on the oil and fuel markets. The crisis developed from the meltdown of American and European mortgage and financial markets and rapidly involved the global real economy. As each country reacted differently to the crisis, the changes in the fuel market also showed significant geographic variation. In our present research, the actions of ...

Abstract Hydrogen is one of the most promising options being considered as fuel future. However, injection hydrogen into modern gasoline fueled engines can cause some issues such power loss. This study, therefore, aims to address this challenge in a simulated hydrogen/gasoline dual-fueled engine by developing novel and innovative approach without possible side effects NOx increment. To achieve ...

Advanced combustion modes such as Controlled Auto-Ignition or Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition have been under much attention due to their ability to reduce both emissions and fuel consumption. Thus, this paper aims at demonstrating the achievement of Controlled Auto-Ignition combustion on a standard 4-cylinder gasoline engine with negative valve overlap (NVO) and analyzing its performan...

Analyses of policies to reduce gasoline consumption have focused on two effects, a compositional effect on the fuel economy of the automotive fleet and a utilization effect on how much people drive. However, the literature has missed a third effect: a matching effect, in which the policy changes how high-utilization households are matched to fuel-efficient vehicles in equilibrium. We show that ...

Proponents of increasing corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards for passenger vehicles see the policy as a relatively low cost and proven way to decrease the United States’ dependence on oil and emissions of carbon dioxide (the predominant greenhouse gas). Opponents argue that CAFE standards are a costly and cumbersome way to reduce gasoline consumption, that they interfere with the ma...

T amount of pollution that a vehicle emits and the rate at which it consumes fuel are dependent on many factors. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a series of computer models that estimate the average emissions for different types of highway vehicles. This fact sheet is one of a series on highway vehicle emission factors. It presents average annual emissions and fuel ...

To accomplish the 1.5 °C and 2 climate change targets, European Union (EU) has set up several policy initiatives. Within EU, carbon emissions of road transport sector from consumption diesel gasoline are constantly rising. (1) Background: due to policies, use within EU is increasing amount in atmosphere adding risks. (2) Methods: sustainability analysis used was based on method recommended by I...

We estimate the effect of gasoline prices on short-run equilibrium prices and sales of new and used cars of different fuel economies. We find that gasoline prices have larger effects on the prices of used cars than of new cars, but that they have large effects on market shares and sales of new cars. We use our findings to estimate a component of the effect of an environmental tax on gasoline, a...

Many consumers are keenly aware of gasoline prices, and consumer responses to gasoline prices have been well studied. In this paper, by contrast, we investigate how gasoline prices affect the automobile industry: manufacturers and dealerships. We estimate how changes in gasoline prices affect equilibrium prices and sales of both new and used vehicles of different fuel economies. We investigate ...

Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and dioxide (CO2) gases are the main problem that must be rectified as they harmful contribute to global warming through greenhouse gas effect. In Indonesia, motor vehicles, especially four wheelers, one biggest contributors with up 71 million tons CO2 emissions energy consumption 179 barrel oil equivalent. Bioethanol has octane rating >100, which is higher tha...