Gaseous microemboli (GME) define small bubbles as < 200 microm in size. GME are reported to increase morbidity after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardiac surgery. To prevent intrusion of GME into the systemic circulation during CPB, arterial line filtration is generally recommended. New trends in oxygenator design promote location of arterial filtration as an integral part of the oxygenator...

Neurologic impairment is a common complication of adult cardiac surgery. Cerebral gaseous microemboli (GME) detected during cardiopulmonary bypass has been associated with cognitive impairment after adult cardiac surgery. Several previous studies have shown that components comprising the extracorporeal circuit (ECC) can affect the ability of the ECC to eliminate air. The differences in the air ...

0.5% CO, 1.5% CH4 (by mass), and N2 in an intimate mixture (Owen et al. 1993). Assuming the N2–CO–CH4 frost acts like an ideal mixture, We obtained Pluto’s spectrum using the CSHELL echelle one finds that XCH4 is only 0.0001% to 0.001%. However, Lellouch (1994) spectrograph at NASA’s IRTF on Mauna Kea, on 25–26 May points out that Triton’s XCH4 is several hundred times greater than that 1992, w...

A novel reaction of acylium and thioacylium ions, polar [4 + 2(+)] Diels-Alder cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and O-heterodienes, has been systematically investigated in the gas phase (Eberlin MN, Cooks RG. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993; 115: 9226). This polar cycloaddition, yet without precedent in solution, likely forms cyclic 2,5-dihydropyrylium ions. Here we report the reactions of gaseous acylium ...

The photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous chlorobenzene (CB) by the 365nm-induced photocatalyst La/N-TiO2, synthesized via a sol-gel and hydrothermal method, was evaluated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to model and optimize the conditions for synthesis of the photocatalyst. The optimal photocatalyst was 1.2La/0.5N-TiO2 (0.5) and the effects of La/N on crystalline structure, particl...

Galactic disks consist of both stars and gas. The gas is more dynamically responsive than the stars, and strongly nonlinear structures and velocities can develop in the interstellar medium even while stellar surface density perturbations remain fractionally small. Yet, the stellar component still significantly influences the gas. We use two-dimensional numerical simulations to explore formation...

The " primitive equations of motion " are adopted for this study. The nine levels of the model are distributed so as to resolve surface boundary layer fluxes as well as radiative transfer by ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The lower boundary is a kinematically uniform land surface without any heat capacity. The stabilizing effect of moist convection is implicitly incorporated into the m...

In the present study, the heterogeneous conversion of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was studied at atmospheric humidity levels on flame soot surfaces treated with gaseous nitric acid (HNO3). In addition, the heterogeneous reaction of HNO3 on soot was investigated at atmospheric humidity. For the treatment of soot by pure HNO3 only reversible uptake with a surface coverage of∼1–...

Previous published measurements of mercury photoreduction are for net-photoreduction, since photooxidation processes occur simultaneously. In this research we combine continuous dissolved-gaseous mercury (DGM) analysis with a photoreactor and a quartz sparger in order to derive mercury gross photoreduction rate constants for UVB and UVA irradiations. The DGM concentration in each filter-sterili...

We would like to refer to the recently published article by Aboud et al. [1] regarding negative venous line pressures and increased arterial air bubble count during minimized extracorporeal circulation (MECC). We think that there are several flaws in this paper. Recent studies have mainly focussed on gaseous microemboli (GME). Approaches are manifold, using arterial line filters, or additionall...