introduction of ostrich (struthio camelus domesticus), a new exotic host species to a new ecosystem likeiran, necessitates the study of its infectious diseases including parasitic infestations. for a period of one year, from 2002–03, faecal samples of 254 ostriches on 5 farms located at different parts of iran, includinggarmsar, semnan province (n = 85); nashtaroud, mazandaran province (n = 29)...

canids are reservoir for some zoonoses helminthic disease. they are one of main public health problem. theaim of this study was to ascertain frequency of gastrointestinal helminthic infection of stray dogs in zabol city,southeaster of iran. in this descriptive study, 30 stray dogs were euthanized, intestine was removed by necropsy.then, the intestines was opened by scalpel and their contents pa...

Abstract Biologic drugs, defined as therapeutic agents produced from or containing components of a living organism, are growing importance to the pharmaceutical industry. Though oral delivery medicine is convenient, biologics require invasive injections because their poor bioavailability via routes. Delivery small intestine using electronic with devices that similar capsule endoscopes promising...

Direct-acting oral anticoagulants include dabigatran, which is a thrombin inhibitor, and rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, are anti-Xa agents. These administered in the secondary prophylaxis treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) pulmonary embolism (PE), VTE that may develop after major elective orthopedic surgery, reducing stroke systemic occur non-valvular atrial fibrillation, whereas its u...

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitors and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with increased risk of acute cardiovascular events. Only aspirin offers primary and secondary cardiovascular prophylaxis, but trials have not answered directly whether low-dose aspirin is cardioprotective with COX-2 inhibitors. A large inception cohort study showed that concomi...

Background: 5-HT4 receptor plays important roles regulating gastrointestinal motility, enteric neuronal signaling and visceral pain in the gastrointestinal tract. Over the past decade, the 5-HT4 receptor has been highlighted as an attractive drug target for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation, functional dyspepsia, gastropa...

BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitor and histamine-2 receptor antagonist can prevent aspirin-related ulcers/erosions but few studies compare the efficacy of these two agents. Aims. We evaluated the efficacy of omeprazole and famotidine in preventing recurrent ulcers/erosions in low-dose aspirin users. METHODS The 24-week clinical outcomes of the patients using low-dose aspirin for cardiovascular ...

The intact gastrointestinal mucosa can be kept as good equilibrium between the aggressive and defensive factors. These factors have not been fully discovered, however the main aggressive factors are well defined. Gastritis is defined as a pathomorphological appearance of inflammation in the gastric mucosa. Gastritis may be caused by different factors such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), bac...