Despite some progress, there is still evidence of discrimination on the grounds of gender and ethnic or racial origins in OECD labour markets. Field experiments show pervasive ethnic discrimination in many countries. Indirect evidence shows that on average at least 8% of the gender employment gap and a larger proportion of the gender wage gap can be attributed to discrimination. Virtually all O...

Facial identity discrimination is crucial for success in the social world. Yet, how this task is accomplished remains incompletely understood. Face perception involves identifying members of same or different of social categories (such as gender and race). We know that differences in facial morphology are critical for discriminating individual faces. What is unclear, however, is whether the sam...

Abstract This article assesses whether current European law sufficiently captures gender-based biases and algorithmic discrimination in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) provides a short analysis draft EU legislative proposal, Artificial Intelligence Act. To this end, trends uses algorithms with potential impacts on gender will be analysed through lens direct indirect for equality law...

Why is women’s mental health inferior to that of men? This study hypothesized that women’s mental health is not as good as men’s because women perceive more personal discrimination. It was confirmed that women obtained higher scores than did men on a subjective scale of psychological distress. Additionally, women perceived greater personal and group discrimination than did men. Perceived person...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Emerging adulthood is often marked with elevated symptoms of anxiety and depression. Hispanic emerging adults may face cultural stressors such as ethnic discrimination that further increase levels of anxiety and depression symptoms. The study aims were to examine if (a) self-esteem mediated effects of ethnic discrimination on symptoms of anxiety and depression, and (b)...

This paper is an essay on the challenges that arise when attempting to quantify the extent of labor market discrimination against women. Three major economic theories of labor market discrimination are discussed: tastes and preferences, market power, and statistical discrimination. Decomposition methodology is presented and critiqued. Issues associated with attempts to use decomposition methodo...

COMPETING EXPLANATIONS OF MALE INTERRACIAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS: MISSING VARIABLE MODELS VERSUS JOB COMPETITION Persistent interracial wage differentials present a challenge for neoclassical models of discrimination, which claim that long run competition is not consistent with persistent discrimination. Accordingly, several missing variable explanations are proposed in the literature. These modif...

Numerous controversies and debates have taken place throughout the history of psychopathology (and its main classification systems) with regards to sexual orientation and gender identity. These are still reflected on present reformulations of gender dysphoria in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and the International Classification of Diseases, and in more or less subtle micro-aggressi...

Abstract This chapter explains the development of international and European law from a gender perspective describes how process gender-neutral to gender-sensitive approach was developed. Since 1945 adoption UN Charter, idea achieving greater equality merged into many documents, including first catalog women’s rights—Convention on Elimination all Forms Discrimination against Women. Many princip...

OBJECTIVE This study focusses on the optimal paradigm for simultaneous assessment of auditory and phonemic discrimination in clinical populations. We investigated (a) whether pitch and phonemic deviants presented together in one sequence are able to elicit mismatch negativities (MMNs) in healthy adults and (b) whether MMN elicited by a change in pitch is modulated by the presence of the phonemi...