Abstract Introduction Women remain under-represented in surgery the United Kingdom. Representation on journal editorial boards is a key metric of gender representation within academic surgery. Aim To quantify leadership journals affiliated with Kingdom surgical specialties. Method A list specialties was obtained from Royal College Surgeons England. web search for specialty associations conducte...

Abstract While research on women's substantive representation in legislatures has proliferated, our knowledge of gender lobbying mechanisms authoritarian regimes remains limited. Adopting a state-society interaction approach, this article addresses how interests are substantively represented China despite the absence an electoral mandate and omnipresence state power. Drawing extensive fieldwork...