Apomixis is associated with occurring in hybrid and polyploid plants. Here a model is tested wherein facultative apomixis might be achieved by impairing intracellular stress-signaling via a hybridization induced miss-regulation of ribosome biogenesis. The HDA6 gene knockout globally up-regulates ribosome biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Embryological analysis revealed reduced meiocyte initia...

Oxytocin (OXT) in the hypothalamus is the biological basis of social recognition, trust, love and bonding. Previously, we showed that Cd38, a proliferation marker in leukaemia cells, plays an important role in the hypothalamus in the process of OXT release in adult mice. Disruption of Cd38 (Cd38-/-) elicited impairment of maternal behaviour and male social recognition in adult mice (Nature, 446...

This paper examines some of the problems and questions that must be considered in relation to research on the role of growth factors in preimplantation embryos. It reviews and summarizes the large body of work on gene expression of growth factor receptors and ligands in preimplantation embryos and in oviduct and uterine tissue. It also reviews the literature on the effects of gene knockout in p...

An optimization-based procedure for studying the response of metabolic networks after gene knockouts or additions is introduced and applied to a linear flux balance analysis (FBA) Escherichia coli model. Both the gene addition problem of optimally selecting which foreign genes to recombine into E. coli, as well as the gene deletion problem of removing a given number of existing ones, are formul...

Calreticulin is a Ca2+-binding chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and calreticulin gene knockout is embryonic lethal. Here, we used calreticulin-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts to examine the function of calreticulin as a regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis. In cells without calreticulin, the ER has a lower capacity for Ca2+ storage, although the free ER luminal Ca2+ concentration is ...

Matsushita M, Tanaka H, Mitsui K, Kanazawa H. Dual functional significance of calcineurin homologous protein 1 binding to Na /H exchanger isoform 1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 301: C280 –C288, 2011. First published May 4, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00404.2010.—Calcineurin homologous protein 1 (CHP1) binds to the hydrophilic tail of the Na /H exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1). Previous gene knockout of C...

The systems biology approach was considered for the analysis of metabolic regulation in Escherichia coli. In particular, it was shown that the feed-forward and feed-back regulations are formed in the metabolic regulation by enzymatic and transcriptional regulations, where these contribute to the robustness of the cell system. Moreover, the effects of the specific pathway gene knockout such as Δ...

Asparagine-linked (N -linked) glycosylation is the most common protein modification in eukaryotes, affecting over two-thirds of the proteome. Glycosylation is also critical to the pharmacokinetic activity and immunogenicity of many therapeutic proteins currently produced in complex eukaryotic hosts. The discovery of a protein glycosylation pathway in the pathogen Campylobacter jejuni and its su...

MOTIVATION This paper presents a workflow designed to quantitatively characterize the 3D structural attributes of macroscopic tissue specimens acquired at a micron level resolution using light microscopy. The specific application is a study of the morphological change in a mouse placenta induced by knocking out the retinoblastoma gene. RESULT This workflow includes four major components: (i) ...

Perturbation experiments, in which a certain gene is knocked out and the expression levels of other genes are observed, constitute a fundamental step in uncovering the intricate wiring diagrams in the living cell and elucidating the causal roles of genes in signaling and regulation. Here we present a novel framework for analyzing large cohorts of gene knockout experiments and their genome-wide ...