the present study was an attempt, in the first place, to find out whether there is any relationship between iranian efl learners' multiple intelligences and their language proficiency. the second objective was to explore whether one of intelligences or combination of intelligences are predictors of language proficiency. to this end, 228 subjects of this study were chosen from among 280 eng...

the purpose of this study was to examine cook’s (2003) ‘multiple competence’ by investigating backward pragmatic transfer (from l2 [english] to l1 [persian]) in refusals to invitations. it explored participants’ frequency and content of refusal strategies in l1 regarding the status (i.e., power and distance) of interlocutors and the proficiency level of efl learners. the participants were persi...

Two hundred and four 5and 6-year-olds who were monolingual English-, bilingual English–Chinese-, or Chinese-speaking children beginning to learn English (2nd-language learners) were compared on phonological awareness and word decoding tasks in English and Chinese. Phonological awareness developed in response to language exposure and instruction but, once established, transferred across language...

Introduction and Purpose of the Study Scientific literacy for all students has been a major educational goal in the United States understanding of science makes it possible to discuss scientific issues that affect society, to use scientific knowledge and processes in making personal decisions, and to share in the excitement of scientific discovery and comprehension " (p. ix). Often, this unders...

Executive Summary English proficiency tests (EPT) are required from students enrolled in Master and PhD programs in many non-English speaking countries, as the students must demonstrate their ability to understand and produce technical literature that is predominantly in English. Some universities and funding agencies in Brazil require the student to pass a general-purpose exam, such as TOEFL o...

Little is known about 2nd language development among young, low-income, language-minority children. This article examined the longitudinal English development of low-income, dual language learners (DLLs) in Miami (n = 18,532) from kindergarten through 5th grade. Growth curve modeling indicated that social skills, good behavior, Spanish (L1) competence in preschool, having a mother born in the U...

This study investigates the factors influencing the oral communication strategies of technological university students in Taiwan. Ninety-eight sophomore students of Lunghwa University of Science and Technology participated in it. Nakatani’s Oral Communication Strategy Inventory (OCSI) (2006), along with the demographics and English learning backgrounds of students, was used to collect data. Des...

English proficiency difference among students is a challenging pedagogical issue in EFL classrooms worldwide. Collaborative digital storytelling has been adopted in language learning settings to increase motivation and engagement, especially for young learners. However, it remains unknown whether students of different proficiency levels can equally benefit from this collaborative approach. Thus...