It has come to the attention of the authors that in their recent Report entitled “Autophagy is required for the activation of NFkB” in Volume 11, Issue 1 of Cell Cycle, errors were inadvertently included in Figures 1C and 2A. In Figure 1C, the panel depicting Hoechst 33342 and Atg5-dependent fluorescence in Atg5 mouse embryonic fibroblasts was rotated 90° clockwise as compared with the panel de...

1-type and biharmonic curves by using laplace operator in lorentzian 3-space arestudied and some theorems and characterizations are given for these curves.

in this study, the effect of the secondary structure of the protein on the acid strength of three structures of random (r), alpha helix (α) and beta sheet (b) were investigated theoretically. these structures are related to the cationic amino acids of histidine and lysine in the polypeptide chain of eight-glycine residue. computational methods at the hf, b3lyp, x3lyp and m05-2x levels in the ga...

in this paper, we study b-focal curves of biharmonic b -general helices according to bishop frame in the heisenberg group heis   finally, we characterize the b-focal curves of biharmonic b- general helices in terms of bishop frame in the heisenberg group heis

During development of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system, different proneural genes encoding basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors are required for different sensory organs to form. atonal (ato) is the proneural gene required for chordotonal organs and R8 photoreceptors, whereas the achaete-scute complex contains proneural genes for external sensory organs such as the macrochaetae,...

We identify mediation between three types of spatial context as a key component for realizing shared personalizable ubiquitous smart spaces, and argue for an ontology of spatial contexts to provide a common language for these mediation processes. Basic prerequisites for such an ontology are identified, so that requirements of all three types of spatial context can be reflected in a unifying way...

The Drosophila single-minded and trachealess bHLH-PAS genes control transcription and development of the CNS midline cell lineage and tracheal tubules, respectively. We show that Single-minded and Trachealess activate transcription by forming dimers with the Drosophila Tango protein that is an orthologue of the mammalian Arnt protein. Both cell culture and in vivo studies show that a DNA enhanc...

Arabidopsis trichomes are branched, single-celled epidermal hairs. These specialized cells provide a convenient model for investigating the specification of cell fate in plants. Two key genes regulating the initiation of trichome development are GLABROUS1 (GL1) and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA (TTG). GL1 is a member of the myb gene family. The maize R gene, which can functionally complement the Ara...

Nearly all extant land plants possess stomata, the epidermal structures that mediate gas exchange between the plant and the environment. The developmental pathways, cell division patterns, and molecules employed in the generation of these structures are simple examples of processes used in many developmental contexts. One specific module is a set of "master regulator" basic helix-loop-helix tra...