Growth hormone (GH) has an important physiological role in adulthood.1–3 Before the 1980s anecdotal reports suggested that patients lacking GH experienced symptoms of increased fatigue and low mood, features that improved with GH replacement.4 Long-term replacement was not considered because of the lack of availability of cadaveric GH. With the development of recombinant GH in the mid-1980s, in...

The liver responds to estrogens and growth hormone (GH) which are critical regulators of body growth, gender-related hepatic functions, and intermediate metabolism. The effects of estrogens on liver can be direct, through the direct actions of hepatic ER, or indirect, which include the crosstalk with endocrine, metabolic, and sex-differentiated functions of GH. Most previous studies have been f...

To examine whether growth hormone (GH) induces peripheral insulin resistance by altering plasma free fatty acid (FFA) or insulin levels, the effects of GH infusion on insulin-stimulated glucose fluxes were studied in conscious rats under two protocols. In study 1, either saline ( n = 7) or human recombinant GH (21 μg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ h-1; n = 8) was infused for 300 min, and insulin-stimulated glucose f...

We investigated changes in mRNA expression of the somatotropic, thyrotropic, and corticotropic axes of Langshan (LS) and Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chickens during embryonic and postnatal development. We found an inverse expression profile between pituitary growth hormone (GH) and hepatic GH receptor mRNA [postnatal d (P)28 to P42], insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-IR (P0 to P42), resp...

The birefringence characteristics of reflection and transmission light pulse are explored in chiral medium driving by two probe electric magnetic fields, while four control fields. proposed shows significant behaviors reflection/transmission Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifted beams. birefringent GH-reflected GH-transmitted pulses show contribution the space time gap creation for secure communication inv...

110. S. M. Lipset and E. C. Ladd, Jr., "The Politics of American Sociologists," in Robert K. Merton et al. (eds.), Varieties of Political Expression in Sociology ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972), p. 95. 111. M. Popovich, "What American Sociologists Think about Their Science and Its Problems," American Sociologist 1 (May 1966): 135. 112. Alvin W. Gouldner and J. T. Sprehe, "Sociolog...

Growth hormone (GH) is a metabolic hormone that plays an important role in long-bone growth and muscle accretion in mammals. The anterior pituitary gland at the base of the brain is the primary site of GH production and release into the general circulation. Neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in the lower part of the brain secrete GH-releasing hormone ([GHRH] or factor [GRF]) and...

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling promotes brain development and plasticity. Altered IGF-1 expression has been associated to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). IGF-1 levels were found increased in the blood and decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of ASD children. Accordingly, IGF-1 treatment can rescue behavioral deficits in mouse models of ASD, and IGF-1 trials have been proposed f...

Prolactin and growth hormone (GH) interact to promote cell survival in the mammary gland in rodents and we proposed that the mechanism involves the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system (Flint and Gardner, 1994; Travers et al., 1996; Tonner et al., 1997). GH has been shown to increase insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production from mammary stromal cells (Kleinberg et al., 1990) and IGF-1...