Background Epidemiological trends of esophageal cancer attributable to smoking remain unclear. This study aimed estimate the spatiotemporal burden assist in global prevention and cessation. Methods Data on were obtained from Global Burden Disease Study 2019. The number age-standardized rates mortality (ASMR) disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) analyzed by age, sex, location. Joinpoint regress...

The last 15 years have witnessed explosive growth in State Medicaid programs. This article demonstrates the equalizing impacts of greater spending and recent Federal mandates on the health care coverage of the poor. Large inequalities in generosity still remain, however. Inequalities in taxpayer burdens are also documented, and simulations of alternative Federal sharing algorithms show signific...

Quantitative assessments of the health status of a population are essential to make decisions and set priorities in the field of public health. Changing epidemiologic patterns increase the demand for comprehensive estimates of population health across the full health spectrum, including non-communicable diseases and injuries. Burden of disease (BoD) analysis has helped meet this need. With the ...

Alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use together pose a formidable challenge to international public health. Building on earlier estimates of the demonstrated burden of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use at the global level, this review aims to consider the comparative cost-effectiveness of evidence-based interventions for reducing the global burden of disease from these three risk factors. Al...

In the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project the question has been raised whether disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) should measure average health only, or also capture concerns for fairness and equity. The following is a brief comment on this issue. I first distinguish between goodness in health care in terms of objective health gain, individual utility, and societal value. I then show th...

Following the 1990 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) have been used widely to quantify the population health burden of diseases and to prioritise and evaluate the impact of specific public health interventions. In the context of the recent release of the 2010 GBD study, we explore the novel use of DALYS to determine health-based targets (HBTs). As with...