ÐMeasurement of lepton contamination is achieved across a radiotherapy photon beam and peripheral doses using radiochromic ®lm. An extrapolation technique is used where several layers are suspended in air to measure incident contamination without the e€ects of phantom scatter. Surface dose was measured as 11% of Dmax for 6 MV beams at central axis and 9% for 10 MV photons for a 10 10 cm ®eld si...

Julesz introduced the concept of statistically defined textures and their perceptual discrimination. Julesz showed that discrimination was possible with statistics equated to third-order, specifying fourth-order textures. Klein and Tyler offered a variety of paradigms suggesting that fourth order might be the limit on human texture processing. To go beyond this limit, new texture paradigms are ...

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major food safety concern for the beef industry. Several studies have provided evidence that cattle hides are the main source of beef carcass contamination during processing and that reductions in the E. coli O157:H7 load on the hides of cattle entering processing facilities will lead to reductions in carcass contamination. Bacteriophages have been proposed as a no...

Naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene have been identified in at least 654, 36, and 412, respectively, of the 1,662 hazardous waste sites that have been proposed for inclusion on the EPA National Priorities List (NPL) (HazDat 2005). However, the number of sites evaluated for naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene is not known. The frequency of these sites ...

The emotion of disgust, with feelings of revulsion and behavioral withdrawal, make it a prime emotion to aid in the avoidance of sources of contamination, including sources of potential infectious disease. We tested the theory that living in a region with a historically high prevalence of infectious diseases would promote higher levels of disgust and contamination sensitivity as a protective me...

The first positive detection of the X-ray background fluctuations at small angular scales is reported. ROSAT PSPC archive pointed observations are used to measure fluctuations at scales of 0. 03−0. 4. The pointings have been selected from an area free from galactic contamination. At separations below ∼ 0. 1 clusters of galaxies become a substantial source of the background fluctuations. The aut...

Significant in-band stray light (IBSL) error at solar zenith angle (SZA) values larger than 77◦ near sunset in 4 SBUV/2 (Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet) instruments, on board the NOAA-14, 17, 18 and 19 satellites, has been characterized. The IBSL error is caused by large surface reflection and scattering of the air-gapped depolarizer in front of the instrument’s monochromator aperture. The sou...

It is common, in deconvolution problems, to assume that the measurement errors are identically distributed. In many real life applications however, this condition is not satisfied and the deconvolution estimators developed for homoscedastic errors become inconsistent. In this paper, we introduce a kernel estimator of a density in the case of heteroscedastic contamination. We establish consisten...