Identifying which words present in a text may be difficult to understand by common readers is well-known subtask complexity analysis. The advent of deep language models has also established the new state-of-the-art this task means end-to-end semi-supervised (pre-trained) and downstream training of, mainly, transformer-based neural networks. Nevertheless, usefulness traditional linguistic featur...

We describe a metric for estimating the quality of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) output based on syntactic features extracted using Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG). CCG has been demonstrated to be better suited to deal with SMT texts than context free phrase structure grammar formalisms. We use CCG features to estimate the grammaticality of the translations by dividing them into ma...

This paper proposes a method to recognize anger-dialog based on linguistic and para-linguistic information in speech. Anger is classified into two types; HotAnger (agitated) and ColdAnger (calm). Conventional prosody-features based on para-linguistic can reliably recognize the former but not the latter. To recognize anger more robustly, we apply other para-linguistic cues named dialog-features ...

The linguistic features analysis for input text plays an important role in achieving natural prosodic control in text-to-speech (TTS) systems. In a conventional scheme, experts refine suspicious if-then rules and change the tree structure manually to obtain correct analysis results when input texts that have been analyzed incorrectly. However, altering the tree structure drastically is difficul...

Fossilization has become the focus of many L2 studies since its introduction in 1972 as many learners fail to achieve native-speaker competence. Researchers have tried to unravel the causes of fossilization, among which noticing has been claimed to be of great importance. This  study  aimed  to  explore  the  effect  of  noticing  on  fossilization.  To  achieve  this  aim,  a mixed-methods app...

Debate and deliberation play essential roles in politics and government, but most models presume that debates are won mainly via superior style or agenda control. Ideally, however, debates would be won on the merits, as a function of which side has the stronger arguments. We propose a predictive model of debate that estimates the effects of linguistic features and the latent persuasive strength...