Glutamate (Glu) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter, playing a crucial role in the functioning of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a critical area implicated in somatosensory integration and regulation of motivated behavior. In this study, high-speed amperometry with enzyme-based biosensors was used in freely moving rats to examine changes in extracellular Glu in the NAc shell and core induced b...

AIMS To investigate the effect of Glu-3 OXM-like analogues on food intake and bodyweight in male rats. BACKGROUND Oxyntomodulin (OXM) is a natural agonist at both the glucagon receptor (GCGr) and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1r), and peripheral administration reduces food intake and increases energy expenditure in rodents and humans. Substituting the native glutamine (Gln) at ami...

Since exogenous amino acid applications to agricultural plants provide ready mineral nutrition for plants, they are widely used enhance the yield and quality of crops as well strengthen resistance environmental impacts. In present study, effects L-Glutamic (GLU) (100, 200, 400, 800, 1000 mg L-1) treatments on growth parameters, bulb yield, chemical contents, weight loss Ta?köprü garlic were ana...

We reported previously that a conformation-specific antibody, Ab P2, to a 16-amino acid peptide (Glu-Gly-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Gln-Gln-Val-Asp-Glu-Glu-Phe-Leu-Arg) of the cytoplasmic domain of the beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor also recognizes the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. Although the antibody is not directed to phosphotyrosine, it recognizes in immunoprecipitati...

BACKGROUND L-Glutamate (Glu) is a major amino acid in milk and postweaning diets for mammals (including pigs and human infants). However, effects of Glu on intestinal mucosal barrier and antioxidative functions are unknown. OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that Glu may enhance the barrier function of intestinal porcine epithelial cell line 1 (IPEC-1) cells by upregulating the expres...

Obesity and high-fat (HF) diets have a deleterious impact on hippocampal function and lead to impaired synaptic plasticity and learning deficits. Because all of these processes need an adequate glutamatergic transmission, we have hypothesized that nutritional imbalance triggered by these diets might eventually concern glutamate (Glu) neural pathways within the hippocampus. Glu is withdrawn from...

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu), major neurotransmitters in the brain, are recycled through glutamine (Gln). All three metabolites can be measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo, although GABA measurement at 3 T requires an extra editing acquisition, such as Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS). In a GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS spectrum, Glu and Gln co-...

We have discovered that the gerbil's chorda tympani nerve response to sucrose is suppressed by p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside (PNP-Glu) and chloramphenicol (CAP). Mixture experiments of PNP-Glu and CAP with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, hydrochloric acid, and sucrose gave rise to the following observations: Neither PNP-Glu nor CAP alone stimulates the gerbil's taste nerve; while t...

S OF SPECIAL INTEREST CELLULAR ANI-lwmIEs IN KiDNEY HoMo rst NSPLANTATION. A. Gocaerts. Fronl the Pasteur Institute, Brussels, Belgiunl. J. Inlnlunoi. 85:516522, 1960. The action of ser t and lynlphocytes from kidney homografted dogs on tissue cultures from the second kidney of the donor was studied. Sera alone taken from animals after rejecting the graft showed no cytotoxic action on the cultu...

Using western blottings, microdialysis, and functional assays we tested the hypothesis that phencyclidine (PCP) modifies the expression and function of glutamate (Glu) transporters in the rat frontal cortex. Western blotting studies revealed that administration of PCP (10 mg/kg/day; 7 days) increased significantly the expression of the astrocytic Glu transporter GLT-1/EAAT2. Functional studies ...