Glutamine (Gln) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) each stimulate intestinal epithelial cell growth, but regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. We determined whether Gln and KGF alter intra- and extracellular thiol/disulfide redox pools in Caco-2 cells cultured in oxidizing or reducing cell medium and whether such redox variations are a determinant of proliferative responses to these ...

High night temperature (HNT) at the ripening stage severely affects both rice yield and quality. HNT accelerates embryo growth chalky formation in developing grains, accompanying with a diminishment of endosperm cell size. Although these responses may be physiologically interacted each other what signals are involved accelerated development remains undetermined. In this work, we have used picol...

TRXR) chromosomal position 12q23.3-q24.1 (§, ‡) is a homodimeric selenocysteine-containing enzyme. Secys a selenocysteine residue is an essential TR isozyme component, located near the C-terminus region [cysteine (Cys)-497,Secys-498] of the intracellular, redox cellular environments center in the catalytically active enzyme site, Gly-499 is the actual C-terminal amino acid. In their N-terminal ...

The lesions simulating disease (lsd) mutants of Arabidopsis spontaneously develop hypersensitive-response-like lesions in the absence of pathogens. To address the function of the redox regulator glutathione in disease resistance, we examined the relationship between endogenous glutathione and PR-1 accumulation using one of these mutants, lsd1, as a disease resistance model. Lesion formation on ...

Kombu RS, Zhang GF, Abbas R, Mieyal JJ, Anderson VE, Kelleher JK, Sanabria JR, Brunengraber H. Dynamics of glutathione and ophthalmate traced with H-enriched body water in rats and humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 297: E260–E269, 2009. First published April 28, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00080.2009.—We developed a LC-MS-MS assay of the H labeling of free glutathione (GSH) and bound glutathi...

Human erythrocyte ghosts were loaded with 35S-labeled GSSG and with a sucrose marker, and the transport of GSSG to the suspending medium was studied. GSSG transport from ghosts occurred only when ATP was also present in the ghosts, proceeded against a concentration gradient, and was inhibited by fluoride. The rate of transport was dependent upon the intracellular concentration of GSSG. The rela...

Iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) have a wide array of biological and medical applications. In agriculture, Fe NPs has the potential to be used as an innovative technique alleviate deficiency in various crops, such grape. However, effect on alleviating stresses grapevine are unexplored. The aim this study was evaluate efficiency protecting ‘Asgari’ seedless grape (Vitis vinifera L.) against oxidative...

Glutathione export from uninfected human erythrocytes was compared with that from cells infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum using two separate methods that distinguish between oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) glutathione. One involved enzymatic recycling with or without thiol-masking; the other involved rapid derivatization followed by HPLC. Glutathione efflux from uninfec...

Fructose-sweetened liquid consumption is associated with fatty liver and oxidative stress. In rodent models of fructose-mediated fatty liver, protein consumption is decreased. Additionally, decreased sulfur amino acid intake is known to cause oxidative stress. Studies were designed to test whether oxidative stress in fructose-sweetened liquid-induced fatty liver is caused by decreased ad libitu...

Thioredoxin (Trx) from Escherichia coli was compared with bovine protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI) for its ability to catalyze native disulfide formation in either reduced or randomly oxidized (scrambled) ribonuclease A (RNase). On a molar basis, a 100-fold higher concentration of Trx than of PDI was required to give the same rate of native disulfide formation measured as recovery of RNase acti...