Several decades of epidemiological and clinical research have identified physical inactivity, excessive calorie consumption, and excess weight as common risk factors for both type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. This trio forms the environmental substrate for a now well-recognized metabolic phenotype called the insulin resistance syndrome. Recent data suggest that a high intake ...

Hopper MK, Maurer LW. Laboratory exercise: study of digestive and regulatory processes through the exploration of fasted and postprandial blood glucose. Adv Physiol Educ 37: 254–263, 2013; doi:10.1152/advan.00172.2012.—Digestive physiology laboratory exercises often explore the regulation of enzyme action rather than systems physiology. This laboratory exercise provides a systems approach to di...

OBJECTIVES To describe the dietary patterns of children inside and outside school and investigate their associations with sociodemographic factors and nutritional status. METHODS This was a multicenter cross-sectional study in which children of both sexes, aged 1-6 years, attending private and public daycare centers and preschools in Brazil, were evaluated (n=2979). Demographic, socioeconomic...

The plasma insulin responses of normal weight and obese, diabetic, and nondiabetic subjects to intravenous glucose was only 30-40% of that seen after oral glucose, indicating that alimentary mechanism(s) in addition to the arterial blood sugar concentration regulate insulin secretion. Observations made in subjects with diverted portal circulation indicate that the alimentary insulinogenic mecha...

The tight glycemic control can prevent and/or delay the development of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Dietary carbohydrates are the main determinant of postprandial blood glucose and glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load are used to predict blood glucose response to foods. The aim of this paper was to critically review the role of low GI diets in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM...