The free-rider phenomenon which impedes the marketing of information goods is conventionally countered by copyright protection regulations and technology. Alternative ways to market information goods, in particular through systems based on the super-distribution of a good from buyer to buyer, have recently raised some interest. Some of them mimic peer-to-peer file-sharing networks, while advanc...

ackaging plays an indispensable role in modern societies. In fact, without packaging many products cannot reach consumers in sound condition. Packaging is mainly responsible for the distribution and consumption of goods. Therefore, due importance is given to systematic and attractive packaging. Packaging can also be said as the backbone of our nation’s economic development, as economic progress...

International trade models typically assume that producers in one country trade directly with final consumers in another. In reality, of course, trade can involve long chains of potentially independent actors who move goods through wholesale and retail distribution networks. These networks likely affect the magnitude and nature of trade frictions and hence both the pattern of trade and its welf...

According to a well-known result by W. Hildenbrand [6], if all consumers possess the same demand function and the density of the expenditure distribution is decreasing, than the average income effect term is non-negative even if inferior goods are present, so that the aggregate demand must be monotone. We show that if the expenditure density is uni-modal and a certain relation between the incom...

The electronic markets hypothesis holds that information technology use influences the dismantling of vertical firm boundaries because of reductions in the cost of transactions between firms. Anecdotal evidence of merger and alliance activity for information goods producing firms seems to be at odds with these predictions of an IT-driven rise in vertical market coordination structures. An inter...

The distribution of a set of goods (such as finite allowed numbers of electronic goods, physical objects or fixed roles in an organization) amongst a set of agents with varying preferences is a complex combinatorial problem. While algorithms such as the Hungarian method exist to solve this type of Assignment Problem, these rely on central allocation with complete information about preferences, ...

Supply chain management is a set of used methods for the efficient integration of suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and sellers to response customer requirements to reduce system costs and to distribute products at the right place and right time. This study aims to identify and rank the supply chain damages using the analytic network process as a practical case in a fast moving consumer goo...