Granular matter consists of a large number of macroscopic particles; the thermal noise has no effect on the particle motion and the interactions are dissipative. These features make the granular flow very different from molecular fluids. One of the simplest situations to see the complex behavior of granular flow is the gravitational granular flow on a slope. When the inclination angle is small ...

in this study, we offer a general view at the area of fuzzy modeling and fuzzymodels, identify the visible development phases and elaborate on a new and promisingdirections of system modeling by introducing a concept of granular models. granularmodels, especially granular fuzzy models constitute an important generalization of existingfuzzy models and, in contrast to the existing models, generat...

In this work, we first review some general properties of dense granular materials. We are particularly concerned with a statistical description of these materials, and it is in this light that we briefly describe results from four representative studies. These are: experiment 1: determining local force statistics, vector forces, force distributions and correlations for static granular systems; ...

A process is described that produces horizontal size segregation in a vertically vibrated layer of granular material. The behavior is a consequence of two distinct phenomena that are unique to excited granular media: vibration, which causes the large particles to rise to the top of the layer, and a vibrating base with a sawtooth surface profile, which can produce stratified flows in opposite di...

We describe experiments that probe a number of different types of granular flow where either gravity is effectively eliminated or it is modulated in time. These experiments Include the shaking of granular materials both vertically and horizontally, and the shearing of a 2D granular material. For the shaken system, we identify interesting dynamical phenomena and relate them to standard simple fr...

All theoretical calculations and predictions concerning the efficiency and resolution of fluorescent screens have been based until now on the Hamaker-Ludwig model,lV2 according to which a phosphor screen is assumed to be a homogeneous and uniform layer of phosphor material. As a result the model is suitable for the nongranular screens like the ones prepared by evaporation, but it is generally u...

The solid–fluid phase transition of a granular material shaken horizontally is investigated numerically. We find that it is a first-order phase transition and propose two order parameters, namely the averaged kinetic energy and the averaged granular temperature, to determine the fluidization point precisely. It scales as amplitude times square of the frequency of the external vibration. Using t...

Noncohesive granular media exhibit complex responses to sudden impact that often differ from those of ordinary solids and liquids. We investigate how this response is mediated by the presence of interstitial gas between the grains. Using high-speed x-ray radiography we track the motion of a steel sphere through the interior of a bed of fine, loose granular material. We find a crossover from nea...

Ultrasound transmission in PMMA spherical bead packings is investigated during the sintering process under stress. Velocity and amplitude measurements of coherent longitudinal waves are performed to monitor the evolution of the elastic properties of the solid frame from noncohesive packing to sintered granular material. Comparison between the experimental velocity data and the prediction by a c...

When a solid sphere drops in a granular medium, an impact crater is created. The penetration of the projectile in the granular bed as a function of the impact energy is evaluated theoretically using a simple model including a friction law between the projectile and the grains, a viscous dissipation in the bed and a force from the collisions between the projectile and the granular material. This...