Addition of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to agricultural irrigation water can dramatically reduce erosion of soils. However, the toxicity of PAM to aquatic life, while often claimed to be low, has not been thoroughly evaluated. Five PAM formulations, including two oil-based products, one water-based product, one granular product and one tablet product, were evaluated for acute and/or chronic to...

Several processes allow the improvement of soils such as vibrocompaction, stony columns, static horizontal compaction etc. These reduce risk liquefaction potential and making it possible to build on this type soil when space restriction require it. Stone columns are a recognized method improvement, which consists creating large diameter using special vibrators with granular filling materials in...

the adsorption properties and mechanics of selected endocrine disrupting compounds; 17 β-estradiol, 17 α – ethinylestradiol and bisphenol a on locally available black tea leaves waste and granular activated carbon were investigated. the results obtained indicated that the kinetics of adsorption were ph, adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature dependent with equilibrium being reached at 20 ...

Granular computing(GrC) is a recent label, roughly speaking, jointly coined by Lin and Zadeh in 1996 to denote an emgering technolgy that is based on the computing/mathematical theory of an ancient concept of granulation. In this paper, we present the ”final” GrC model that simplify the earlier version.