doi : 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.210311 Immunostaining pictures of rat cerebellar granule neurons treated with cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. Apoptotic cell death occurred in cerebellar granule neurons but not astrocytes. 6 days culture of rat cerebellar granule neurons A) in control B,C,D) treated with cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. Rhodamine-123 that fluor...

We have investigated the role of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in the survival of cerebellar granule cells in primary culture. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin, but not epidermal growth factor (EGF), promoted the survival of P6 cerebellar granule neurons. BDNF promoted a sustained activation of MAP kinase, whereas that induced by EGF was only transient. Insulin prom...

Granule cells are axonless local interneurons that mediate lateral inhibitory interactions between the principal neurons of the olfactory bulb via dendrodendritic reciprocal synapses. This unusual arrangement may give rise to functional properties different from conventional lateral inhibition. Although granule cells spike, little is known about the role of the action potential with respect to ...

In the eyes of teleosts and amphibians, melanin pigment granules of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) migrate in response to changes in light conditions. In the light, pigment granules disperse into the cells' long apical projections, thereby shielding the rod photoreceptor outer segments and reducing their extent of bleach. In darkness, pigment granules aggregate towards the base of the RPE...

Brain injury is an etiological factor for temporal lobe epilepsy and can lead to memory and cognitive impairments. A recently characterized excitatory neuronal class in the dentate molecular layer, semilunar granule cell (SGC), has been proposed to regulate dentate network activity patterns and working memory formation. Although SGCs, like granule cells, project to CA3, their typical sustained ...

The cerebellum has been a useful model for studying many aspects of neural development because of its relatively simple cytoarchitecture and developmental program. Yet, the genetic mechanisms underlying early differentiation and patterning of the cerebellum are still poorly characterized. Cell expression studies and culture experiments have suggested the importance of bone morphogenetic protein...

When hippocampal slices are exposed to GABAA antagonists, area CA3 pyramidal cells and dentate hilar "mossy" cells discharge in synchronized epileptiform bursts (Müller and Misgeld, 1991; Scharfman, 1994b). Dentate interneurons are excited simultaneously, but the degree of discharge varies (Scharfman, 1994b). This study primarily examined the activity of dentate granule cells simultaneous to th...

Mitral cells of the olfactory bulb form sparse representations of the odorants and transmit this information to the cortex. The olfactory code carried by the mitral cells is sparser than the inputs that they receive. In this study we analyze the mechanisms and functional significance of sparse olfactory codes. We consider a model of olfactory bulb containing populations of excitatory mitral and...

Dentate granule cells become synaptically interconnected in the hippocampus of persons with temporal lobe epilepsy, forming a recurrent mossy fiber pathway. This pathway may contribute to the development and propagation of seizures. The physiology of mossy fiber-granule cell synapses is difficult to characterize unambiguously, because electrical stimulation may activate other pathways and becau...

The neurological mutation weaver is characterized by defects in granule cell migration along Bergmann glial processes and by subsequent death and disposition of granule cells. Immunocytochemical localization of antisera raised against purified glial filament protein (AbGF) and transmission electron microscopy were used to visualize specific associations between granule neurons and astroglia in ...