Graves' ophthalmopathy is an debilitating disease impairing the quality of life of affected individuals. Despite recent progress in the understanding of its pathogenesis, treatment is often not satisfactory. In mild cases, local therapeutic measures (artificial tears and ointments, sunglasses, nocturnal taping of the eyes, prisms) can control symptoms and signs. In severe forms of the disease (...

PURPOSE To assess choroidal perfusion before and after orbital decompression surgery in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. METHODS In this interventional case series, surgical decompression for optic nerve compromise was performed on four eyes of three patients with Graves' disease. Complete ophthalmic examination including visual acuity, color vision, and intraocular pressure assessment w...

Graves’ disease was first recognized in the 19th century as a syndrome comprising an enlarged and overactive thyroid gland, an accelerated heart rate, and ocular abnormalities (Fig. 1). Critical for our current understanding of this disease was the discovery of its autoimmune basis, which results from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors.1,2 Graves’ disease has adverse...

Graves' ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune inflammatory process affecting primarily the extraocular muscles. The enlargement of these muscles is responsible for most of the important manifestations of the disease, including proptosis, lid retraction, diplopia, and optic neuropathy. Recently the optic neuropathy has been shown to correlate with extraocular muscle volume as determined by computed to...

Oculomotor disturbances commonly occur as manifestations of Graves’ Oohthalmomthv. We investieated the outcome of this disorderfollowing e&ernal-beam orbital radiotherapy. We conducted a prospective study on 15 patients to assess the extent of ophthalmopathy by clinical evaluation, and measurement of the amplitude of gaze and the thickness of the extraocular muscles on computed axial tomography...

Oculomotor disturbances commonly occur as manifestations of Graves’ Oohthalmomthv. We investieated the outcome of this disorderfollowing e&ernal-beam orbital radiotherapy. We conducted a prospective study on 15 patients to assess the extent of ophthalmopathy by clinical evaluation, and measurement of the amplitude of gaze and the thickness of the extraocular muscles on computed axial tomography...

Oculomotor disturbances commonly occur as manifestations of Graves’ Oohthalmomthv. We investieated the outcome of this disorderfollowing e&ernal-beam orbital radiotherapy. We conducted a prospective study on 15 patients to assess the extent of ophthalmopathy by clinical evaluation, and measurement of the amplitude of gaze and the thickness of the extraocular muscles on computed axial tomography...

Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is considered to be an organ-specific autoimmune disease. However, the pathogenesis of GO is incompletely understood at the present time. To clarify the immunological differences between newly diagnosed GO and Graves' disease (GD) without ophthalmopathy or healthy controls (HC), we examined T-cell profile and the Th1/Th2 profile cell balance in GO (n=20), GD (n=20) a...

Introduction: Graves’ disease, which has an autoimmune basis, is associated with the infiltration of activated lymphocytes into the retrobulbar tissues of the eye. These activated lymphocytes express somatostatin receptors on their surface which mediate the inflammatory response. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of 111InOctreotide scintigraphy in the identification of orbital activity in G...