A transfer matrix formalism applicable to certain reparametrization invariant theories , including quantum gravity, is proposed. In this formulation it is found that every stationary state in quantum gravity satisfies a Wheeler-DeWitt equation, but each with a different value of the Planck mass; the value m 4 P lanck turns out to be proportional to the eigenvalue of the evolution operator. As a...

In this paper, we discuss the self-consistency condition for the spherical symmetric Klein-Gordon equation. And then discuss a natural possibility that gravity and weak coupling constant gG and GW may be defined after gEM . In this point of view, gravity and the weak force is subsidiary derived from electricity. Unified solution for each particle field is calculated. ∗) E-mail: nisikawa@hep-th....

For simple enough spatial topologies, at least four approaches to (2 + 1)-dimensional quantum gravity have been proposed: Wheeler-DeWitt quantization, canonical quantization in Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) variables on reduced phase space, Chern-Simons quantization, and quantization in terms of Ashtekar-Rovelli-Smolin loop variables. An important problem is to understand the relationships among ...

Using the influence functional formalism we show how to derive a generalized Einstein equation in the form of a Langevin equation for the description of the backreaction of quantum fields and their fluctuations on the dynamics of curved spacetimes. We show how a functional expansion on the influence functional gives the cumulants of the stochastic source, and how these cumulants enter in the eq...

The AdS/CFT correspondence defines a sector with universal strongly coupled dynamics in the field theory as the dual of pure gravity in AdS described by Einstein’s equation with a negative cosmological constant. We explain here, from the field-theoretic viewpoint how the dynamics in this sector gets determined by the expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor alone. We first show that the ...

We propose a method to construct quantum theory of matter fields in a topology changing universe. Analytic continuation of the semiclassical gravity of a Lorentzian geometry leads to a non-unitary Schrödinger equation in a Euclidean region of spacetime, which does not have a direct interpretation of quantum theory of the Minkowski spacetime. In this Euclidean region we quantize the Euclidean ge...

For a spatially flat Friedmann model with line element ds 2 = a 2 [da 2 /B(a) − dx 2 − dy 2 − dz 2 ], the 00-component of the Einstein field equation reads 8πGT 00 = 3/a 2 containing no derivative. For a nonlinear Lagrangian L(R), we obtain a second– order differential equation for B instead of the expected fourth-order equation. We discuss this equation for the curvature-saturated model propos...

Loop quantum cosmology, the symmetry reduction of quantum geometry for the study of various cosmological situations, leads to a difference equation for its quantum evolution equation. To ensure that solutions of this equation act in the expected classical manner far from singularities, additional restrictions are imposed on the solution. In this Letter, we consider the Bianchi I model, both the...