The accumulation of amyloid plaques is one of the earliest pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may occur 20 years before the onset of symptoms. Examining associations between amyloid pathology and other early brain changes is critical for understanding the pathophysiological underpinnings of AD. Alterations in gray matter networks might already start at early preclinical stages...

To detect the metastatic liver tumor on CT scans, two liver edge maps on unenhanced and portal venous phase images are firstly extracted and registered using phase-only correlation (POC) method, by which rotation and shift parameters are detected on two log-polar transformed power spectrum images. Then the liver gray map is obtained on non-contrast phase images by calculating the gray value wit...

Leaf features play an important role in plant species identification and plant taxonomy. The type of the leaf vein is an important morphological feature of the leaf in botany. Leaf vein should be extracted from the leaf in the image before discriminating its type. In this paper a new method of leaf vein extraction has been proposed based on gray-scale morphology. Firstly, the color image of the...

To improve the quality of digital images captured in low light environment from consumer electronics devices like cell phone cameras, Modified Dynamic Histogram Equalization (MDHE) is proposed. Initially, the proposed method divides the histogram into two sub-histograms based on median. Then 2 subhistogram is further divided into two sub-histograms based on median of it. The resultant sub-histo...

The oldest lightness illusion is called simultaneous contrast. A gray square placed on a black background appears lighter than an identical gray square placed on a white background. For over a hundred years, this illusion has been generally attributed to lateral inhibition or spatial filtering. Receptor cells stimulated by the gray square on the white background are strongly inhibited by nearby...

BACKGROUND Most quantitative diagnostic tests do not perfectly differentiate between persons with and without a given disease. We present a simple method to construct a 3-zone partition for quantitative tests results, including positive and negative zones and a gray zone between, and we describe its use in the diagnosis of heart failure by brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement in acute dy...

OBJECTIVE Neurofilament light (NfL) protein in blood plasma has been proposed as a prognostic biomarker of neurodegeneration in a number of conditions, including Huntington disease (HD). This study investigates the regional distribution of NfL-associated neural pathology in HD gene expansion carriers. METHODS We examined associations between NfL measured in plasma and regionally specific atro...

OBJECTIVE The role of Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of diffuse thyroid diseases is not well established. In particular, Doppler ultrasonography findings in children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis are very limited. We examined gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound findings in Hashimoto's thyroiditis in children in an attempt to understand the feasibility of future prospective controlled stu...

This paper proposes a reversible algorithm to convert color images to gray images with keeping chroma and spatial resolution. K. Braun and R. L. de Queiroz proposed a color-to-gray mapping algorithm. The method can almost recover the original color, but it had theoretical problems that both chroma and spatial resolution deteriorated. Our algorithm succeeded to solve those problems by devising a...

Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) feeding behavior often varies in different surroundings. Moreover, predation decreases gray squirrel foraging activity and influences the types of areas in which they choose to forage. We examined whether shaded areas help gray squirrels hide from predators, allowing them to eat more food as opposed to being in open areas. Our hypothesis stated that ...