Mosquitoes and birds were sampled for West Nile virus (WNV) in suburban Chicago, USA, in a "hot spot" of arboviral transmission. Viral genetic diversity within this area was similar to that within Illinois and the United States. Diversity was higher among viruses from mosquitoes than from birds, higher among viruses from birds in urban "green spaces" than from birds in residential areas, but lo...

One of the fundamental notions of realization of sustainable city within the framework of the theory of sustainable development is what affects the urban green spaces as well as the influence they may have. As the upshot of years’ worth of experiences in the ideology of Iranian urban design, Iranian garden is of magnificently high position which possesses the potentials to act as the green spac...

Interactive learning environments can provide learners with opportunities to explore rich, real-world problem spaces, but the nature of these problem spaces can make assessing learner progress difficult. Such assessment can be useful for providing formative and summative feedback to the learners, to educators, and to the designers of the environments. This work adds to a growing body of researc...

Among the many benefits provided by plants, “health” stands out as a benefit that is especially highly valued. Over the past decades, people-plant studies have increasingly focused on empirically demonstrating relationships between plants and health. However, there are as yet no consensual standards in the field as to which research findings qualify as evidence for health benefits of plants. In...

during autumn and summer 2010 observed species from amaranthus genus were studied in segetal and ruderal environments of hamedan city. in this research, 100 plats randomly were selected and totally 6 species from amaranthus were identified as neophyte wild elements: a. retroflexus l. a. lividus l., a. chlorostachys willd, a. albus l., a. viridus l. and a. blitoides s. watson. dispersal of menti...

Experts have found that natural environment could have positive impacts on patient’s treatment process. The impact of natural environment on mental state and lowering the stress level of the patients is undeniable. In this study, the impacts of natural environment on patient women in Tehran general hospitals were investigated. After conducting a topical study of the issue on hand, using fiel...

The current situation of world’s environmental issues, indicates that not only the man-made environmental damages have not been diminished, but also has given rise to more acute issues such as water and soil pollution, biodiversity loss, ozone depletion, greenhouse phenomena, etc. One of the most prominent effects of urban development on environmental problems caused by solid waste generated in...