This article provides an overview of the effects of land-use on the fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and from peatlands in the Nordic countries based on the field data from about 100 studies. In addition, this review aims to identify the gaps in the present knowledge on the greenhouse gas (GHG) balances associated with the land-use of these northern ecosyste...

BACKGROUND Greenhouse gas (GHG) production, as a cause of climate change, is considered as one of the biggest problems society is currently facing. The livestock sector is one of the large contributors of anthropogenic GHG emissions. Also, large amounts of ammonia (NH(3)), leading to soil nitrification and acidification, are produced by livestock. Therefore other sources of animal protein, like...

The US has been a global leader in regulating local air pollution and laggard greenhouse gases (GHGs). For decades, critics of policy have expressed fears that stringent regulations on would lead to havens overseas. Prior research, suggests not happened. But what about the converse fear? Are less climate causing become haven for other countries’ GHG-intensive industries? We provide decompositio...

Detailed computer simulations demonstrate that all­electric vehicles will be required to meet our energy security and climate change reduction goals. As shown in Figure 1, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV’s) and plug­in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV’s) both reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but neither of these vehicles that still use internal combustion engines will be adequate to cut GHGs ...

The southern Brazilian grassland biome contains highly diverse natural ecosystems that have been used for centuries for grazing livestock and that also provide other important environmental services. Here we outline the main factors controlling ecosystem processes, review and discuss the available data on soil carbon stocks and greenhouse gases emissions from soils, and suggest opportunities fo...

The Los Angeles megacity, which is home to more than 40% of the population in California, is the second largest megacity in the United States and an intense source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). Quantifying GHG emissions from the megacity and monitoring their spatiotemporal trends are essential to be able to understand the effectiveness of emission control policies. Here we measure c...

In Kyoto in 1997, the US government agreed that between 2008 and 2012 it would limit average annual emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to seven percent below 1990 levels. As participants in the climate policy debate consider various means by which limits on US GHG emissions might be undertaken in the wake of the Kyoto agreement, there is considerable interest but also some confusion about how...

The last decade has seen an unprecedented rise in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere mostly due to anthropogenic activities. In order to cutback on the greenhouse gas emissions we need to calculate accurately the greenhouse gas budget. The paper being reviewed here delineates a fine approach in that direction. The paper describes measurements from an old radio tower in Switzerland. Tall tower m...

A transition from the global system of coal-based electricity generation to low-greenhouse-gas-emission energy technologies is required to mitigate climate change in the long term. The use of current infrastructure to build this new low-emission system necessitates additional emissions of greenhouse gases, and the coal-based infrastructure will continue to emit substantial amounts of greenhouse...

One of the main factors contributing to greenhouse gas emissions in the environment is the production of pollutant gases in landfills. Collecting the landfill gases (LFG) effectively reduces the emission of gasses from the landfill site. A precise collection system for LFG can create the potential for energy generation in addition to emissions reduction. However, in Iran, the implementation of ...