Authors who report ground reaction force (GRF), free moment (FM), and resultant joint moments usually normalize these variables by division normalization. Normalization parameters include body weight (BW), body weight x height (BWH), and body weight x leg length (BWL). The purpose of this study was to explore the appropriateness of division normalization, power curve normalization, and offset n...

Multiple playing surfaces and footwear used in American football warrant a better understanding of relationship between different combinations of turf and footwear. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of shoe and stud types on ground reaction force (GRF) and ankle and knee kinematics of a 180° cut and a single-leg 90° land-cut on synthetic turf. Fourteen recreational football playe...

INTRODUCTION In general, two different models are employed when addressing animal and human locomotion on a simple mechanical level: the inverted pendulum model for walking, where the body is reduced to a point mass m at the center of mass (COM) vaulting over a rigid stance leg of length l0, and the spring-mass model for running or hopping, where the rigid stance leg is substituted by a compres...

BACKGROUND Clinically, plantar fasciitis (PF) is believed to be a result and/or prolonged by overpronation and excessive loading, but there is little biomechanical data to support this assertion. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between healthy individuals and those with PF in (1) rearfoot motion, (2) medial forefoot motion, (3) first metatarsal phalangeal joint (FMPJ)...

Although water environment has been employed for different physical activities, there is little available information regarding the biomechanical characteristics of walking in shallow water. In the present study, we investigated the kinematics, ground reaction forces (GRF), and electromyographic (EMG) activation patterns of eight selected muscles of adults walking in shallow water and on land. ...

It is important to understand the day-to-day variability that is attributed to repositioning of markers especially when assessing a treatment effect or response over time. While previous studies have reported reliability of waveform patterns, none have assessed the repeatability of discrete points such as peak angles, velocities and angular excursions which are often used when making statistica...

Objective: Monitoring athlete internal workload exposure, including prevention of catastrophic non-contact knee injuries, relies on the existence a custom early-warning detection system. This system must be able to estimate accurate, reliable, and valid musculoskeletal joint loads, for sporting maneuvers in near real-time during match play. However, current methods are constrained laboratory in...

Currently, plastic waste is a very serious threat because pollution can harm all living things around and also the environment. The increasing volume of due to lack processing technology, so that day by day. Plastic material difficult decompose it non-biodegradable. One application technology offered in this study use pyrolysis principle. Pyrolysis method converting into fuel oil through therma...

It is unclear whether military shoes (combat boots and sports shoes) attenuate loading rate or affect force transfer during walking. Therefore, this study compared ground reaction forces (GRF) related to impact between combat boots, shoes, running shoes. Ten army recruits walked over a walkway with two plates embedded. GRF were measured when walking barefoot (for data normalisation) Loading rat...

An investigation into the kinematic and kinetic predictions of two "inverted pendulum" (IP) models of gait was undertaken. The first model consisted of a single leg, with anthropometrically correct mass and moment of inertia, and a point mass at the hip representing the rest of the body. A second model incorporating the physiological extension of a head-arms-trunk (HAT) segment, held upright by...