Industrial Summary : The application of modern materials in severe working environment requires that the surface integrity of ground elements should reach a high level to obtain satisfactory resistance to various external stimuli. In response, extensive attention has been paid to study this key factor such that the working reliability of ground components could be improved to the full extent. T...

One of the byproducts of shrinking features is increasingly complex film stacks and masking structures. Especially at critical levels, the simple deposit, pattern, and then etch process flows are no longer adequate. As an example, today’s etch processes often must account for anti-reflective coatings, hard masks, cap layers, and stop layers in the process recipe, while accurately etching the pr...

background: laser ablation has been suggested as an alternative method to acid etching; however, previous studies have obtained contrasting results. the purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (sbs) and fracture mode of orthodontic brackets that are bonded to enamel etched with acid and erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (er:yag) laser. materials and methods: in this expe...

OBJECTIVES The task of grinding sandstone with a 5-inch angle grinder is a major source of exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS), known to cause diseases such as silicosis and lung cancer among workers who work with these materials. A shroud may be a suitable engineering control for this task. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of four commercially availab...

the major problem in material removal process specially grinding is heat generation during the process and thus residual stress on the surface of product. therefore, optimization of high efficiency deep grinding (hedg) process is the main goal of this study in order to reduce heat and residual stress and also increase strength and surface hardness of aisi1045 steel by optimization of the proces...

Abstract: the changes of BET surface area of a mineral substance during intensive grinding process. Validity of the proposedmodel was tested by the experiments performed using a natural chalcopyrite mineral as well as the published data. Itwas shown that the model can predict the experimental results with a very good accuracy and can be used to predictwhat may happen under the similar experimen...

PURPOSE Grinding with less stress on 3Y-TZP through proper selection of methods and instruments can lead to a long-term success of prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the phase transformation and physical properties after zirconia surface grinding with 3 different grinding burs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty disc-shaped zirconia specimens were fabricated. Each Ten specimens wer...

Introduction Due to its tool structure and composition, the grinding operation is considered the best machining process in the manufacture of brittle materials like ceramics. A grinding wheel distributes wear over many cutters and is capable of replenishing itself. However, the condition of the grinding wheel constantly changes as grits wear and chips accumulate in the spaces between grits. The...