High-effective solar energy conversion is impossible without deep examination of solar cell’components as physical materials. Studies of structure of matter, its optical and thermo‐ dynamic properties belong to the scope of several disciplines. The concept of generalized formula units is of particular importance. For example, a category of crystal lattice is the result of crystal’s mathematical...

We present a new database of solar radiation at ground level for Eastern Europe and Africa, the Middle East and Asia, estimated using satellite images from the Meteosat East geostationary satellites. The method presented calculates global horizontal (G) and direct normal irradiance (DNI) at hourly intervals, using the full Meteosat archive from 1998 to present. Validation of the estimated globa...

Images from the GOES 8 satellite were used along with auxiliary information such as snow cover to produce an hourly solar radiation database on a 0.1° grid for the Pacific Northwest from 1998 through 2002[1]. Both global and beam irradiance values were derived from the satellite images and diffuse values were calculated from the beam and global values. Data from the University of Oregon Solar R...

Using data from WIND, SAMPEX (Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer), and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) sensors onboard geostationary satellites, we investigate the correlation of energetic electrons in the 20-200 keV range in the solar wind and of high speed solar wind streams with relativistic electrons in the magnetosphere to determine whether energetic electrons...

We tested the effects of solar radiation, and UV-B in particular, on the growth of Antarctic terrestrial fungi. The growth responses to solar radiation of five fungi, Geomyces pannorum, Phoma herbarum, Pythium sp., Verticillium sp., and Mortierella parvispora, each isolated from Antarctic terrestrial habitats, were examined on an agar medium in the natural Antarctic environment. A 3-h exposure ...

Introduction: Solar energy is one of the free sources, clean and environmentally friendly energy. Sun is the most important source of natural ultraviolet radiation that has a major role in the life of living beings. Industrial and medical applications of ultraviolet radiation have been clearly proven, like the production of vitamin D or treatment of many diseases, and also har...

The Earth is continually exposed to the cosmic radiation of both solar and galactic origin. Solar eruption and solar activity may affect cosmic radiation flux density which has a secondary effect on the flux of particles in the atmosphere as well. Such one event was recorded in the last week of October 2003, where the measured dose rate of the cosmic radiation in the aircraft ATR 42 was 1.8 tim...

Solar radiation data are available for many locations on an hourly basis. Simulation studies of solar energy systems have generally used these hourly values to estimate longterm annual performance, although solar radiation can exhibit wide variations during an hour. Variations in solar radiation during an hour, such as on a minute basis, could result in inaccurate performance estimates for some...

the solar radiation received by earth surface is one of the most applicable parameter that is so important in hydrology, agriculture, meteorology and climatological modeling. because of very expensive instrument for measuring the radiation, researchers suggested many different experimental equations to estimate this parameter in different climate. seven models which are calibrated for semi-arid...

Timing and amount of solar radiation were examined as factors influencing the distribution of seven perennial plants on a small mountain located in the Chihuahuan Desert. Average direct beam solar radiation fluxes at differing times throughout the day and year were estimated with computer calculations. Principal components analysis was used to reduce the number of solar radiation parameters and...